Lines were selected from the Cornell K Single Comb White Leghorn strain for two generations for high (HES) or low (LES) eggshell strength. Laying hens of both generations showed significant differences between lines in shell breaking strength. Hens of the second selected HES generation produced eggs with significantly better shell quality than did LES hens, as measured by shell breaking strength, shell thickness, or absolute or relative shell weight. However, the two lines had similar intrauterine egg residence times and times between successive ovipositions. The LES pullets showed significantly elevated ionized calcium and total calcium concentrations in blood in response to increased dietary calcium at 18 weeks of age. These results demonstrate fundamental differences in regulation of calcium homeostasis between the HES and LES lines which may relate to selected differences in their abilities to produce strong eggshells.

Subject area The main topics covered by this case are marketing strategies in a saturated market, human resource management, small enterprise challenges and constraints and corporate strategy. Study level/applicability The intended audiences for this case are upper-level undergraduate and graduate students. Students getting their degrees in business, international labor relations, marketing or public policy/administration are the main targets for this case. Students also interested in in agriculture, international development and race relations will benefit from studying this case. Case overview The international wine market is highly competitive. Innovative strategies are needed for new wineries to stand out in this saturated market. Both the product quality and its life story are important to consumers. Seven Sisters is exploring two new markets – Nigeria and Sweden – to expand their international presence. Also explored are marketing strategies for deeper penetration of the domestic market in South Africa. The case study illustrates the challenges and opportunities facing a small, women-owned enterprise from an emerging economy that is exploring international markets. Expected learning outcomes The specific teaching objective of this case is to teach students the importance of marketing and corporate strategy in a highly saturated market, such as South Africa. Analyzing this case, students will be exposed to value chains, formulating corporate strategy and devising marketing strategy. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.