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Bioactive materials can attract calcium and phosphate ions in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution to mimic the composition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Rapid biodegradation rate of natural polymers in contact with water-based solutions and time-consuming process of mineralization in SBF led to using concentrated simulated media. Herein, gelatin-siloxane microspheres were fabricated via single emulsion method. Then hybrid spheres were immersed in the modified 10X-SBF solution, and microwave energy (600 W) was expanded for the rapid formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) on the spheres. Results indicated homogeneous coating of microspheres and high similarity of synthesized HA to the bone composition. Increasing intensity of HA-related peaks in Fourier transform infrared spectrum, X-ray diffraction and surface roughness after utilizing microwave-assisted method confirmed high efficiency of this technique in biomimetic mineralization of structures. Cell culture studies with human osteosarcoma cell lines (MG-63) demonstrated that mineralized HA in 10X-SBF solution under microwave treatment could be able to mimic bone ECM for tissue regeneration applications in the shortest time and highest similarity to the natural tissue.

This study investigated the fabrication and modification of gelatin microspheres via single emulsion method and silane coupling agents, respectively. Herein, the influence of oil phase and washing procedure on morphology and uniformity of microspheres was evaluated. The results of field emission scanning electron microscopy indicated a positive effect of olive oil on the production of uniform and approximately mono‐size spheres while monodispersity increased after samples were washed under ultrasonication. Investigation of crosslinking degree demonstrated that GPTMS could not show efficiency as high as glutaraldehyde, but the lack of toxicity and inducing bioactive behavior to the microspheres has made them appropriate for bone applications. Moreover, the stability of spheres after 14 days in phosphate buffered saline proved the ability of (3‐glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane to crosslink gelatin. The presence of silane coupling agents in prepared spheres caused the biomimetic formation of hydroxyapatite after a 14‐day immersion in simulated body fluid as observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy‐energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, changes in pH, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy. Adhesion, spreading, and proliferation of L929 cells on the hybrid microspheres corroborated the potential of gelatin spheres for biomedical application. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46739.