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Motivated by the need for fast synchronized operation of power microgrids, we analyze the problem of single and multiple pinning in networked systems. We derive lower and upper bounds on the algebraic connectivity of the network with respect to the reference signal. These bounds are utilized to devise a suboptimal algorithm with polynomial complexity to find a suitable set of nodes to pin the network effectively and efficiently. The results are applied to secondary voltage pinning control design for a microgrid in islanded operation mode. Comparisons with existing single and multiple pinning strategies clearly demonstrate the efficacy of the obtained results.

For a power grid, false data injection attacks attempt to exploit the configuration and information structure of the power system, introduce erroneous but conforming values into certain state variables, and evade the existing detection techniques based on residual testing, leading to severe security threat to the overall system. Accordingly, an enhanced method of evading false data injection in power grids is proposed. Since the power system can typically be partitioned into a group of microgrids the proposed approach shows that the microgrids (i.e., their boundaries and information sharing structures) are dynamically reconfigured, which makes it impossible to organize a synchronized data injection that exploits a fixed configuration and coordinately attacks certain meters in the configuration. Examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Caregivers of war veterans suffer from poor QOL. Chemical warfare agents contribute to more persistent poor QOL in caregivers than the injuries caused by conventional weapons.

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