In principle a variation of the pharyngeal voice by means of a sound producing element, which is integrated into a voice prosthesis, is possible. The current design of the metallic reed element tested is not yet suitable for routine clinical use: 1. The reed element is too sensitive and is easily damaged during insertion, so the insertion device has to be improved. 2. The sound producing element is blocked by small amounts of tracheal secretions, so that this element should be replaceable separately without requiring removal of the silicone value (if possible by the patient himself). Prior to insertion of the sound producing voice prosthesis the maximum air flow through the shunt should be measured to determine if the patient can produce the necessary air flow for activation of the reed element. A further improvement for these special types of voice prostheses would be a sound producing element, which generates a variable frequency of sound. Limiting the patient to only one fundamental frequency creates a monotone, which does not sound naturally. Initial progress toward a sound-producing voice prostheses has been made. This should be followed by the necessary improvements in order to improve the feasibility of this design for routine clinical use.

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