This study introduces the backdrop where discrepancies occur among project stakeholders, and then how theoretically this conflicting scenario can be understood. Followed by this, it sums up the research gap in understanding the types of conflicts among project stakeholders leading to the purpose of this study to offer such descriptive typology of conflicts in project management. The study presents the researcher to the reader in terms of view of reality (ontology) and view of knowledge (epistemology) with the adopted inductive approach, descriptive inference and qualitative data type. The default research design of this study is literature review. The study tried to produce the analysis of determining the types of conflicts among project stakeholders discussing them anchored in relevant theories. It finally presents the ultimate typology as the outcome of this research. The ultimate typology of this research consists of three core types of conflicts for the sustainable project management and effective project teams. Depending on the amount of subjectivity in the project teams, project members sense risks and unprecedented scenarios differently giving rise to subjective conflict among ISSN 2326-0297 2017 project stakeholders. Depending on the amount of objectivity in the project teams through organizational systems, processes is another type of objective conflict among project stakeholders. Finally, depending on the inter-organizational project collaboration is the type of triangular conflict among project stakeholders toward sustainable development. Business and Management Horizons
Study-life balance is an emerging issue in contemporary management and administrative thought. Without a balance between study and life, students will not be happier and wiser in their academic and personal lives. During the doctoral study period of foreign students, most students live alone and need to adapt to the new environment, but some students live with their families. So they have to maintain their normal lab work, family life and social life at the same time. Consistent with this, the prevailing perception is that students majoring in applied sciences spend more time and stress than students majoring in social sciences. Therefore, it is a big concern for the researchers and the academicians how the students of Applied Science and Social Science make balance between study and social life. Following this, the purpose of this study is to identify differences in applied science and social science students' participation in laboratory and sociocultural activities, and to explore important factors related to the laboratory environment that promote study-life balance for foreign PhD students. This study is experimental survey based research. In this study, it is found that the students of Applied Science at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) spend more time in lab than Social Science students. In addition, the Applied Science students were found more stressful than Social Science. However, lab pressure negatively influences on the productivity of both disciplines that is the interesting finding in this study. It is also found that internal congenial lab environment (supervisor’s cooperative role, supportive relationship with peers, reasonable work load in lab) influences positively to make balance study-life but the relationship among all these internal lab environment factors are not always found correlated.
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