Background Salmonella is one of major causes of foodborne outbreaks globally. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence, typing and antibiotic susceptibilities of Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from 41 broiler chicken farms located in Kafr El-Sheikh Province in Northern Egypt during 2014–2015. The clinical signs and mortalities were observed.ResultsIn total 615 clinical samples were collected from broiler flocks from different organs (liver, intestinal content and gall bladder). Salmonella infection was identified in 17 (41%) broiler chicken flocks and 67 Salmonella isolates were collected. Recovered isolates were serotyped as 58 (86.6%) S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, 6 (9%) S. enterica serovar Enteritidis and 3 (4.5%) were non-typable. The significant high mortality rate was observed only in 1-week-old chicks. sopE gene was detected in 92.5% of the isolates which indicating their ability to infect humans. All S. enterica serovar Enteritidis isolates were susceptible to all tested antimicrobials. The phenotypically resistant S. enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates against ampicillin, tetracycline, sulphamethoxazole and chloramphenicol were harbouring BlaTEM, (tetA and tetC), (sul1 and sul3) and (cat1 and floR), respectively. The sensitivity rate of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium to gentamycin, trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole and streptomycin were 100, 94.8, 89.7%, respectively. The silent streptomycin antimicrobial cassettes were detected in all Salmonella serovars. A class one integron (dfrA12, orfF and aadA2) was identified in three of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strains.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this study considered first report discussing the prevalence, genotyping, antibiotic susceptibility and public health significance of S. enterica serovars in broilers farms of different ages in Delta Egypt. Further studies are mandatory to verify the location of some resistance genes that are within or associated with the class one integron.

ABSTRACT. Polymorphonuclear cells of the peripheral blood in the chicken significantly increased their phagocytosis when cultured with sugar cane extract (SCE; 250-1,000 µg/ml) for 24 hr. Chickens orally administered SCE (500 mg/kg/day) for 3 or 6 consecutive days at 1 week of age showed significantly higher body weight and gain in body weight/day and a lower food conversion ratio within the growing period of 6 weeks than physiological saline-administered control chickens. Furthermore, oral administration of SCE also resulted in significantly higher immune responses against sheep red blood cells and Brucella abortus. These results suggest that SCE has immunostimulating and growth promoting effects in chickens. KEY WORDS: growth promotion, immunopotentiation, sugar cane extract.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 64(11): 1061-1063, 2002 Vaccines and antibiotics have contributed to the control of a lot of different infectious diseases in veterinary and human medicine. Much consumption of many various chemicals and antibiotics has resulted in some problems such as the development of antibiotics-resistant bacteria and pollution of environment. It is imperative to develop the novel production system of economically important food animals based on the consideration of safe food, less polluted environment and recycle of natural resources.Various kinds of native, synthesized or recombinant biological response modifiers (BRM) have been evaluated on the basis of preventive and therapeutic effects on infectious or non-infectious diseases. Some native BRM [5,6,10,13] with immunostimulating activity such as bacterial derived components and chicken egg white derivatives (EWD) are effective in recovery of immunosuppression. There is almost little information concerning the biological activities of sugar cane, except the finding on activation of classical complement pathway in human serum by its lipopolysaccharide [7,8]. The purpose of the present study is to define immunological and nutritional features of sugar cane extract (SCE) as one of native BRM.Original materials including cane juice produced from sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in the raw sugar manufacturing process were subjected to the preparation of SCE. Dried SCE finally prepared by synthetic adsorbent chromatography and cation exchange column chromatograpy consisted of crude protein (16.9%), crude fat (0.5%), ash (36.1%) and nitrogen-free extracts (46.5%).The original concentration (10 mg/ml) of SCE was prepared in phosphate buffer saline. EWD kindly provided by Eisai Co., Ltd, Japan, were prepared in the same manner described previously [5], and used as a positive stimulator in the phagocytosis assay. At first, to examine the effect of SCE on phagocytosis, polymorphonuclear cells (PMN)-rich fraction from peripheral blood of inbred chickens (MHC; H.B15) was prepared as described previously [10]. The resultant PMN consisted of approximately 95% heterophils and 5% lymphocytes when their Giemsa-stained smear samples were cytologically examined. PMN suspended to a concentration o...