Background: Bullying among students is a problem with severe and unpleasant consequences for victims. Objectives: This research studied the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on coping strategies and in reducing anxiety, depression, and physical complaints in student victims. Patients and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest control group. Data was collected using the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire, Achenbach's Youth Self-Report (YSR), and Billings and Mouse's Coping Strategies Scale. In total, 30 participants who achieved high scores on these questionnaires were randomly assigned to the experimental group or to the control group. The subjects of the experimental group were treated with cognitive-behavioral group therapy over 12 sessions of 90 minutes each. The subjects of the control group received no intervention. At the end of the cognitive-behavioral group therapy sessions, a posttest was implemented for both groups. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the collected data.
Results:The results showed that cognitive-behavioral group therapy reduced anxiety, depression, and physical complaints. In addition, it reduced emotion-focused coping strategies and increased problem-focused coping strategies in the experimental group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Cognitive-behavioral group therapy along with the use of coping strategies can reduce anxiety, depression, and physical complaints in student victims of bullying.
Background: Investigating and understanding psychological factors related to self-injury behaviors in people with borderline personality disorder can be an important step towards identifying the causes and preventing it. Thus, the current study was conducted in order to determine the role of symptoms of borderline personality and alexithymia in predicting self-injury behaviors in people with borderline personality disorder. Methods: This study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study includes all men with borderline personality disorder, referring to the psychiatric section of Imam Sajjad (AS) hospital of Tehran in 2014. A total of 94 people were selected by non-probable sampling and were asked to complete Deliberate Self-Harm, Symptoms of Borderline Personality, and Alexithymia questionnaires. Data was analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis by the SPSS-18 software.
Results:The results showed that self-injury behaviors have a positive correlation with the total score of Symptoms of Borderline Personality, and hopelessness, impulsivity, stress related dissociative as well as paranoid symptoms, and total score of Alexithymia, difficulty in identifying, difficulty in describing feeling, and external orient thinking style. Also the results of the regression analysis showed that 15% of variance of self-harming behaviors was explained by Symptoms of Borderline Personality and 21% variance of it was explained by Alexithymia.
Conclusion:The results showed that Symptoms of Borderline Personality and Alexithymia can play a role in self-harming behaviors of people with borderline personality disorder.
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