One of the earliest earth retention technologies used in civil engineering projects is sheet pile walls. Therefore, in this work, a numerical analysis using Plaxis 2D was performed to investigate the behaviour of laterally anchored retaining system in sandy soil, focusing on the anchor force, lateral displacement, and maximum bending moment. The effects of anchor location and number on wall and soil deformations were investigated for various wall heights. When anchored-sheet-piles were used instead of cantilever sheet piles, the results showed a significant reduction in both wall deformation and bending moment specially at high dredging levels. In addition, while having numerous anchor levels is the most approach to minimize wall and soil deformations. Also, the findings revealed that adopting the one-anchored sheet pile wall can greatly decrease the maximum wall displacement by about and 59.16%; which occurs at 0.4H; as well as reduce the maximum bending moment by about 85.63%; which occurs at 0.5H, comparing with the cantilever sheet pile wall at dredging depth (H) = 5m. At a deeper dredging depth (H=9m), the maximum lateral displacement and maximum of wall were reduced by 88 %, and 86 %, respectively. Also, at H= 9m, using the second level of anchors can also reduce the maximum bending moment on the wall by more than 83.55 %.

High thermal effects on Point Load Index (P.L.I) of rocks tolerate in mind an essential issue for numerous geotechnical engineering purposes. Many engineering relevancies interact with it as Geothermal power reserve extraction, Fires would occur in tunnels, Underground Coal Gasification (UCG), and numerous ancient monuments that were made from these rocks and exposed to different thermal impacts. This research aims to carry out (P.L.I) experimental studies of intact rocks as Granite, Sandstone, Marble and, Limestone rocks. In this study, the rock samples are subjected to thermal effects (from room temperature degree 25 o C to a high temperature up to 1100 o C). The results are debated and introduced in terms of rising temperature degrees with different parameters. It has been known that the (P.L.I) of rocks decreased with the elevated temperature, particularly outside certain temperatures.

Several techniques of soil stabilization are available to improve the behavior of many types of soil. The addition of cement to soils have proved a significant effect on the geotechnical properties of treated soils. In this study, an artificial clayey sand soil samples were prepared by mixing 20% kaolin clay of fine sand. Initially, compaction tests were conducted on soil mixture to study the effect of kaolin addition on maximum dry density, optimum moisture content of mixed soil at a relative density of 55%. The mixed soils were improved by cement. Then ,a series of unconfined compression tests were performed to clarify the performance of improved soil with different cement contents at the optimum water content of each cement content ,and the samples examined after two hours from preparation, and curing period of 7 days and 14 day. Results of compaction test indicate that adding kaolin increasing maximum dry density and moisture content. Tests results show that addition of cement to soil mixture increased stiffness and unconfined compression strength (UCS), and leading to a brittle behavior.