One prerequisite for efficient broiler production is suitable litter. In addition to desirable chemical and physical characteristics, poultry litter must also be low in microbial load to minimize risk of incidence or transmission of diseases. This study was conducted to assess the mycoflora of six kinds of litter materials and evaluate the effect of litter kind and preslaugther feed withdrawal (PSFW) on gut bactrioflora of broilers.

SummaryBread wheat,Triticum aestivum, produces large edible grains and is consumed by 75% of the world’s populations. Cereal cyst nematodes have a global distribution and cause significant economic yield losses in many countries. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify new resistance sources. In this study, the genetic diversity of 43 wheat accessions in response to cereal cyst nematode,Heterodera filipjeviIsfahan pathotype, was assessed using a simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker. Seven primers were used, out of which five primers showed polymorphisms. Alleles per primer varied from one to three per locus (mean 2.85). The highest and lowest polymorphic information content of 0.81 and 0.44 (mean 0.66) were related to Xgwm 3012DL and Xgwm147, respectively. Genetic similarity was 29-88% between accessions. SSR analysis divided the accessions into five main groups. Resistant cultivars ‘Bam’ and ‘Behrang’ possessed bothCre1 andCre8 resistant genes. TheCre3 andCatgenes were partially sequenced in five cultivars of different responses toH. filipjevi. The nucleotide sequences were compared toCre3 andCathomologues, indicating 93-100% and 86-92% homology, respectively. The MEGA program showed highest similarity ofCre3 andCatgenes amplified with the resistance gene analogues (RGA14) in the wheat andCat3-A1 gene in ‘Carnamah’. This research showed that SRR markers could efficiently verify genetic diversity between wheat accessions, and the known resistance genes (Cregenes) against the cereal cyst nematodes could not control theH. filipjeviIsfahan pathotype populations, except theCre1 gene.

No abstract

No abstract

Background Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can be used as a safe and sustainable agricultural measure to increase plant yield. In this study, cultivable rhizospheric, endophytic, and epiphytic bacteria associated with canola were isolated on nutrient agar medium. The SDS-PAGE method was used for grouping the bacterial strains. Bacterial strains with more than 80% similarity in their protein patterns were placed in the same species and selected as a representative for partial 16S rRNA encoding gene sequence analysis. Results It was found that the bacteria used in this study belonged to Pseudomonas, Frigoribacterium, Sphingomonas, Sphingobacterium, Microbacterium, Bacillus, and Rhodococcus genera. Three PGP bioactivities including siderophore production, nitrogen fixation ability, and phosphate solubilization were evaluated for 18 Pseudomonas representative strains. All tested strains were able to produce siderophore, although only 5 strains could fix nitrogen and none was able to solubilize phosphate. Greenhouse experiments showed that 4 bacterial strains (i.e., 8312, 642, 1313W, and 9421) significantly affected canola seed germination and seedling growth. Bacterial strain 8312, which was identified as Pseudomonas sp., showed the highest effect on the growth of the canola plant. These results indicated the potential of strain 8312 to be used as a biofertilizer in canola cultivation. Conclusions The results of this research indicated that canola-related bacteria were diverse during the flowering stage. One isolate had a significant effect on all canola plant growth factors in the greenhouse. Hence, it is recommended to investigate this strain further in field infestation experiments.