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SummaryBackgroundThe purpose of this review is to illustrate and discuss the spectrum of imaging findings, particularly computed tomography (CT), of blunt and penetrating renal trauma, based on our own materials, according to the American Association for Surgery of Trauma (AAST) renal injury grading scale. The article also indicates the conditions in which interventional radiology procedures can be applied for the management of renal trauma.Material/MethodCases for this pictorial review were selected from the imaging material collected at the Radiology Department of Hamad Medical Corporation during a 14-year period from 1999 to 2012. The material includes 176 cases (164 males and 12 females) with confirmed blunt or penetrating renal trauma. Following abdominal trauma, all patients had a CT examination performed on admission to the hospital and/or during hospitalization. The most representative and illustrative cases of renal trauma were reviewed according to CT findings and were categorized according to the AAST grading system.DiscusionThe review describes a spectrum of imaging presentations with special emphasis on the 5 grades of renal injury on a CT according to the AAST scale.The most representative cases were illustrated and discussed with indications of possible interventional radiology treatment. Two groups of patients not included in the AAST grading system were presented separately: those with preexisting renal abnormalities and those with sustained iatrogenic renal injury.ConclusionsProper application of renal trauma grading scale is essential for selecting the patients for conservative treatment, surgery or interventional radiology procedure.

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Introduction. Cervicogenic headache (CGH) is a serious condition manifested by upper cervical facet joints dysfunction. Mulligan upper cervical sustained natural apophyseal glide was noted to be effective in CGH but Mulligan upper cervical manual traction (MUCMT) has not yet been investigated. The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of MUCMT vs. traditional treatment (TT) in patients with CGH. Methods. A randomized controlled prospective parallel single-blind trial was performed. overall, 30 patients with CGH aged 30-55 years were randomly and equally allocated into the MUCMT group (A) and TT group (B) by using permuted block randomization. Group A participants were treated by TT and MUCMT while group B received hot packs, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and deep cervical flexors strengthening exercise. Patients gained 3 sessions every week for 3 weeks followed by home exercise for 3 months. Pre-treatment, post-treatment, and follow-up values for all outcome measures were recorded. The primary outcome was headache intensity. Secondary outcomes involved headache frequency, headache duration, neck disability index, and upper cervical rotation range of motion. Results. Within groups, statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in the comparison of pre-vs. post-treatment and post-treatment vs. follow-up mean values of all outcomes. Between groups, no statistical significance was observed in posttreatment and follow-up data, with 1 exception regarding upper cervical range of motion in favour of MUCMT. Conclusions. MUCMT is an effective treatment in patients with CGH, mainly with regard to upper cervical rotation range of motion.