Introduction An imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the defence mechanisms underlying the activity of antioxidant enzymes has been demonstrated as the leading pathology in diabetes mellitus (DM)-related microvascular complications. Purpose This study aims to evaluate the association between polymorphisms in antioxidant enzyme-encoding genes: catalase (CAT); manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD); glutathione S transferase M1 (GSTM1); and GSTT1 glutathione S transferase T1 (GSTT1), and the risk of type II diabetic nephropathy (DN) in the Saudi population. Patients and Methods The present study involved 64 type II DM patients with nephropathy and 64 type II diabetes patients without nephropathy from the King Abdulaziz University (KAU) Hospital. They underwent real-time PCR genotyping for the Mn-SOD and CAT genes. Multiplex PCR was used to detect GSTM1- and GSTT1-null polymorphisms. Results A statistically significant difference was observed between the case and control groups with regard to polymorphisms in the CAT gene (P = 0.037), but not for polymorphisms in the Mn-SOD (P = 0.64) gene. In addition, a statistically significant association was observed between null polymorphisms of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes and DN in the case and control groups (P = 0.046 and P = 0.035, respectively). Conclusion Our results showed that the genetic ability to combat oxidative stress may play a major role in DN pathogenesis in Saudi type II DM patients. These polymorphisms in antioxidant enzyme-encoding genes could be used as independent genetic markers for the construction of risk prediction models for kidney-related complications in type II DM patients.

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Objective: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness and safety of holmium laser enucleation of prostate (HoLEP) in relieving either voiding or storage lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients. Materials and methods: The charts of patients with BPH who underwent HoLEP for either predominant voiding or predominant storage LUTS at University of Cincinnati hospitals in the period between February 2015 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed for changes in voiding symptomatology, storage symptomatology, hematuria, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), peak flow rates (Qmax), presence of detrusor overactivity (DO), and post-voiding residual urine (PVR) from baseline to up to 6 months postoperatively. Results: A total of 132 patients were included in the analysis. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 included BPH patients with predominant voiding LUTS (68 Patients) while group 2 involved those with predominant storage LUTS (64 Patients). HoLEP was equally effective in management of both groups with significant improvement in urodynamics study (UDS) parameters, patient voiding and storage symptomatology, and IPSS from preoperatively to up to 6 months postoperatively with relatively low procedure complication rate and postoperative need for medication or procedure. Conclusions: HoLEP is a safe, effective, and reliable minimally invasive surgical modality that can be relied on for BPH patients with either predominant voiding or predominant storage symptoms with relatively low procedure complicat