Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurological disorder with economic, social, and medical burdens which is acknowledged as leading cause of dementia marked by the accumulation and aggregation of amyloid-β peptide and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) protein and concomitant dementia, neuron loss and brain atrophy. AD is the most prevalent neurodegenerative brain disorder with sporadic etiology, except for a small fraction of cases with familial inheritance where familial forms of AD are correlated to mutations in three functionally related genes: the amyloid-β protein precursor and presenilins 1 and 2, two key γ-secretase components. The common clinical features of AD are memory impairment that interrupts daily life, difficulty in accomplishing usual tasks, confusion with time or place, trouble understanding visual images and spatial relationships. Age is the most significant risk factor for AD, whereas other risk factors correlated with AD are hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, smoking, obesity, and diabetes. Despite decades of research, there is no satisfying therapy which will terminate the advancement of AD by acting on the origin of the disease process, whereas currently available therapeutics only provide symptomatic relief but fail to attain a definite cure and prevention. This review also represents the current status of AD in Bangladesh.

Trachysperum ammi has been traditionally used for the treatment of neurological disorders such as depression and anxiety. To date, T. ammi has reported for its chemical constituents in different diseases condition. The traditional evidence convinced us to perform the antidepressant-like activity of methanolic extract of Trachysperum ammi (META). The antidepressant activity of META assessed by using forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and locomotor activity test. The seed parts of META at doses level of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight administered orally to examine the CNS stimulants activity test in mice behavioral models. Here, we reported that META significantly reduced immobility time in the FST after repeated administration of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg to mice for 14 days. The intensity of immobility significantly reduced at all of the doses (p < 0.05) whereas, we were found the strongest effect observed at 200 mg/kg. The antidepressant-like effect of META caused the reduction (p < 0.05) in the immobility in TST of mice when orally administered with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for 14 days, respectively. Additionally, we were executed locomotor activity test to check the motor stimulating activity. META has employed at a dosage of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg for 14 days, the results have found that 50 mg/kg produced the locomotion effects as similar to the control group. Interestingly, the locomotion, rearing, and defecation significantly (p < 0.05) increased at the dosage of 100 and 200 mg/kg of META. Our present findings suggest that the seed parts of Trachysperum ammi may possess antidepressant-like activity which may use as a supportive treatment to management of neurological disorders.

Background: The search for novel pharmacotherapy from medicinal plants for central nervous system (CNS) disorders has become of importance since new agents with improved efficacy for more effective therapy are required. Sesamum indicum has been extensively used in Bangladesh and other Indian Subcontinent as medication for various diseases including CNS disorders. It was found to have antioxidant, antitumor, antihypertensive, neuroprotective, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant and wound healing activity. Results: The result showed robust and dose-dependent antidepressant-like activity. There are statistically significant (p* < 0.05) reductions in the duration of immobility time both in forced swimming and tail suspension test. In open field test, measurement of locomotion, defecation and rearing are evaluated. There is statistically significant (p* < 0. 05) increase in locomotion, rearing and defecation of mice compared to control group. Conclusions: These results clearly demonstrates that methanolic extract of the seeds of Sesamum indicum has potential antidepressant activity and further studies should be conducted to identify, isolate and evaluate its potential active compound responsible for such effect.