Purpose The authors will give an overview of the railway market, with a focus on Morocco, before seeing the challenges to face, before listing some benefits of rail links in terms of development, ecology, security, space management, etc. The authors will then give an overview of the development of BIM, its benefits, risks and issues. The purpose of this paper is to verify that the BIM can provide the railway with the tools to face some of its challenges and improve its productivity. Design/methodology/approach This paper is part of our research project on the integration of BIM in railway, which is the result of a partnership between Colas Rail Maroc and the ENSAK of the Ibn Tofail University of Kenitra. The objective of this paper is mainly to confirm that the integration of BIM with the railway, through a theoretical and practical study, can have positive impacts. To do this, our methodology consists in studying briefly the development of the railway, the need to improve the budgets and schedules of the projects, to increase the productivity, before showing the advantages of the BIM in the sector of the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC). The study of feedback from railway projects (chosen for their date of completion – beyond 2014, their size, their geographical situation in several countries and for the availability of literature in a new field) will confirm the initial hypotheses. Among the projects studied will be a project that has been the subject of an article written by the authors of this paper. In the discussion of the results, the authors will focus on the benefits, risks and limitations of integrating BIM into the railway. In conclusion, the authors are laying the groundwork for future research in the field. Findings The cases study discussed in this paper and previous research confirms the hypotheses of the literature. The integration of BIM into railway projects can have several advantages: collaboration, time saving, cost optimization, prevention of conflicts between networks, construction before construction, optimization of facility management, improvement of the quality of works, prefabrication. They also allowed us to illustrate the risks (status and appropriation of the BIM model, lack of standardization of versions or software and lack of understanding of the basics of schedules and specifications) and limitations (lack of feedback, lack of adaptability and convergence of tools). These experiences have also shown that the use of BIM is not just a technological transition, but a revolution in the project management process, which requires several key success factors (participation of all, commitment, change management and adoption of the collaborative approach). Visualization, collaboration and conflict elimination are the three main chapters where the benefits of BIM can be organized. In fact, there is a lot of intersection between these chapters, but they have been chosen as the main ideas around which all the benefits can be better understood. Visualization primarily addresses the benefits to an individual and improving one’s personal understanding as a result of using BIM. The collaboration refers to the cooperative action of several team members, which is encouraged and facilitated by BIM. Conflict elimination mainly concerns project-related benefits, such as conflict reduction, waste, risks, costs and time. For railway infrastructure projects, the main purpose of using BIM is to improve the design integration process, internal project team communication and collision detection to eliminate risk of rehabilitation. Research limitations/implications The application of the BIM process in railway infrastructure requires constant improvement. This concerns the development of libraries and the models available to all users in order to encourage the development of this methodology and, consequently, its use of information throughout the life cycle of an infrastructure work. Practical implications The case study of real projects incorporating BIM confirms the results of the literature review. The benefits of integrating BIM into rail projects are multiple and proven: cost control, decision support, avoids extra work due to design errors, improves detection of interface problems, improves planning of vision, help with prefabrication and facility management, etc. Finally, the BIM process is able to overcome delays in procedures slowing the development of the construction industry in many countries, especially in Morocco, because of the slowness of design (or downright bad design). Social implications The integration of BIM into rail is becoming a global trend. This integration requires government decisions and a maturation of technology and tools. The authorities of some developed countries studied (Sweden, UK, France, Germany) in the railways, at different stages of implementation, are adopting BIM in the process of setting up new railway projects. This political impulse is still behind in southern countries, such as Morocco. The trend and the data collected indicate an adoption between 2020 and 2030 of BIM in all/some AEC projects in developed countries. This will have an impact on other countries that will soon be doing the same, especially in the railway sector to adopt the BIM. Originality/value As part of the realization of this paper, we proceeded to the implementation of an electrical substation as part of the project to build 40 electric traction substations built by Colas Rail on behalf of ONCF.

The technology of Building Information Modeling BIM is booming. More and more countries are introducing regulations to integrate BIM into new infrastructure projects. But this remains a tool designed initially for buildings, circumscribed geographically. Railway infrastructure projects are generally linear and extend over a line, with bifurcations. This article aims to confirm the theoretical results (benefits, limitations, risks) concerning the integration of BIM (Building Information Modeling) to railway projects through the study of a practical case with a real reel scale experiment. The integration of Building Information Modeling into the rail project is a worldwide trend. The advantages of this integration are many: elimination of project collision risks, optimization of design, collaboration between disciplines and cost reduction. We will present the state of the art regarding BIM and its integration into the railway domain, and from there, we will list the benefits, limitations and risks. Then, we go through different experiments of integration of the BIM with the rail to reinforce the literature before presenting a real case of experimentation of study under BIM of a railway project in Morocco. Finally, we will draw conclusions and recommendations, comparing experiences with literature. Among the recommendations will naturally be an opening to future research that is needed. Our research confirmed the results of the literature. The advantages of BIM in rail are multiple: conflict detection, time saving, integrated team, improved 2182 Mounir Bensalah et al. design visualized throughout the study and cost optimization. Certain limitations and risks mentioned by the literature are also confirmed: ownership of the database, need for support of BIM from the idea of the project and adoption of the collaborative spirit by team members. It must be taken into account that the experimentation that we carried out is limited (in time, in interfaces and disciplines) and that it should lead to a greater experimentation taking charge of a railway project in its entirety. Nevertheless, these results open the door for more integration of BIM in the rail sector, especially in developing countries such as Morocco. In Morocco, and in similar countries, BIM is starting to be a topic of interest for the project managers, the authorities and the industrialists. This article provides added value in the integration of BIM into the railway (which can be transposed to other areas) through case studies and confirmation of the state of the art.

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