Three new serphitids (Microserphites libanensis sp. nov., Leptoserphites pabloi gen. et sp. nov. and Leptoserphites iriae gen. et sp. nov.) and a gallorommatid (Cretaceomma libanensis gen. et sp. nov.) from two different outcrops from the lower Barremian Lebanese amber are characterised, described, illustrated and their taxonomic positions are discussed. These serphitids and gallorommatid constitute the earliest records of these Cretaceous fossil families. Galloromma turolensis Ortega et al., 2011 is transferred to the genus Cretaceomma gen. nov.

The family Psychodidae Newman, 1834 comprises about 3,000 living species of small hairy nematoceran flies (Azar & Maksoud, 2022). To date, seven psychodid subfamilies are recognized within this family, namely Bruchomyiinae Alexander, 1921; extinct Datziinae Stebner, Solórzano Kraemer, Ibáñez-Bernal & Wagner, 2015; Horaiellinae Enderlein, 1937; Phlebotominae Rondani, 1840; Psychodinae Newman, 1834; Sycoracinae Rondani, 1856; and Trichomyiinae Tonnoir, 1922 (Azar & Maksoud, 2022). Some authors consider the psychodid group to consist of two families, i.e., Psychodidae and Phlebotomidae (Williams, 1993; Azar et al., 1999). This taxonomic treatment is based only on the hematophagous and medically important aspects of the phlebotomines. Nevertheless it is unfounded, because the phylogenetic relationships between the psychodid subfamilies remain unresolved, even if there is a possible sister-group relationship between the Phlebotominae and Psychodinae (Curler & Moulton, 2012). We consider that recognising phlebotomines as a separate family would necessitate also giving separate familial rank to all the currently recognised subfamilies, which is not adopted here.

Libanophlebotomites ramyi gen. et sp. nov. is characterised, illustrated, and described from the lower Barremian amber of Qanat Bakish (Baskinta, Lebanon). It represents the first phlebotomine fly with slightly ellipsoid head without bump on occiput, round wing tip, and legs very slightly shorter than body length. The discovery of this Cretaceous psychodid fly improves our knowledge of the palaeobiodiversity of sandflies.

Libanonemopalpus grimaldii gen. et sp. nov. is characterised, illustrated, and described from the lower Barremian amber of Bqaatouta (Lebanon). It represents the earliest record, the first and only Bruchomyiinae psychodid with functional piercing mouthparts. The discovery of this Cretaceous psychodid fly improves our knowledge of the palaeobiodiversity of Bruchomyiinae and particularly on the evolution of mouthparts in this group.