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Egypt's limited water resources and rising water demand are critical to the country's economy and food security. This predicament encouraged the development of non-traditional water resources in order to bridge the gap between supply and demand for water. treated wastewater (TWW) reuse for irrigation is a viable alternative for closing this gap and conserving traditional water resources for residential and urban usage. TWW is a valuable source of nutrients in most wastewater treatment technologies, and it can improve the physicochemical properties of light-textured soils in the long run. Pathogens and the accumulation of harmful chemical substances, on the other hand, are the principal problems that can prevent TWW reuse in agriculture. This study compares Egyptian treated wastewater quality parameters for irrigation with those of other countries throughout the world, focusing on the environmental and health risks associated with the use of treated wastewater. Finally, the acceptable health parameters of treated wastewater for agricultural purposes were reviewed to preserve the health of the Egyptians.

One of the most important issues and challenges nowadays inEgypt is how to provide enough water for current and future needs. The great population growth, agricultural consumption, climate change, limited freshwater resources, and welfare lifestyle require more water. All these factors push the Egyptian policy to search for additional water resources. One of the considerable water resources is the treated wastewater that has been used in irrigation under some restrictions. However, the use of treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation may have negative health effects if its properties were deviated from the allowable standards. This study considers Egyptian standards, regulations, and limitations for using treated wastewater in agricultural irrigation, in comparison to other nations around the world. The study discusses the related treated wastewater quality parameters for irrigation, including physio-chemical controls and agronomic controls. The results revealed that the Egyptian code (ECP 501/2015) is highly compatible with the regulations of other countries, but there are some differences. These differences are allowable because (ECP 501/2015) prohibited the use of treated wastewater in irrigating raw vegetable crops. Finally, the acceptable chemical, physical, and agronomic properties of treated wastewater for agricultural applications in Egypt have to be more studied to make the best use of treated wastewater. M C: 44 AHMED KHALED ABDELLA AHMED, MOUSSA SHALABY, OSAMA NEGIM AND TALAAT ABDEL-WAHED irrigation. The purpose of using treated wastewater in agricultural irrigation can be summarized as follows [8]: A. Preserving the Egyptian natural water resources. B. Protect the environment from pollution. C. Protect the public health of Egyptians.Egypt divides treated municipal wastewater reuse in agriculture into two categories: direct and indirect [8]. In the direct reuse, the treated wastewater is directly used from the treatment plants for irrigation and land reclamation. Indirect reuse is by collecting the mixed effluent from treatment plants with water from agricultural drains. This study discusses the use of processed wastewater for irrigation directly and its potential risks on: 1. The Egyptian crops which irrigated with treated wastewater. 2. The health of agricultural products, consumers, farmers, and the environment. 3. The chemical and physical properties of the Egyptian soil and its sustainability.