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Electrospinning has been considered a promising and novel procedure to fabricate polymer nanofibers due to its simplicity, cost effectiveness, and high production rate, making this technique highly relevant for both industry and academia. It is used to fabricate non-woven fibers with unique characteristics such as high permeability, stability, porosity, surface area to volume ratio, ease of functionalization, and excellent mechanical performance. Nanofibers can be synthesized and tailored to suit a wide range of applications including energy, biotechnology, healthcare, and environmental engineering. A comprehensive outlook on the recent developments, and the influence of electrospinning on biomedical uses such as wound dressing, drug release, and tissue engineering, has been presented. Concerns regarding the procedural restrictions and research contests are addressed, in addition to providing insights about the future of this fabrication technique in the biomedical field.

Composite materials are considered as an essential part of our daily life due to their outstanding properties and diverse applications. Polymer composites are a widespread class of composites, characterized by low cost, facile processing methods, and varied applications ranging from daily-use issues to highly complicated electronics and advanced medical combinations. In this review, we focus on the most important fabrication techniques for bioapplied polymer composites such as electrospinning, melt-extrusion, solution mixing, and latex technology, as well as in situ methods. Additionally, significant and recent advances in biomedical applications are spotlighted, such as tissue engineering (including bone, blood vessels, oral tissues, and skin), dental resin-based composites, and wound dressing.

Being a non-invasive and relatively safe technique, photothermal therapy has attracted a lot of interest in the cancer treatment field. Recently, nanostructure technology has entered the forefront of cancer therapy owing to its ability to absorb near-infrared radiation as well as efficient light to heat conversion. In this study, key nanostructures for cancer therapy including gold nanoparticles, magnetite iron oxide nanoparticles, organic nanomaterials, and novel two-dimensional nanoagents such as MXenes are discussed. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the characteristics of the nanostructures of these photothermal nanomaterial agents, while focusing on how nanostructures hold potential as cancer therapies. Finally, this review offers promising insight into new cancer therapy approaches, particularly in vivo and in vitro cancer treatments.

Summary The global demand for high performance and environmentally friendly energy storage systems leads to intensive research on new and advanced electrode materials that are able to satisfy the fast‐growing global market in various applications. The 2D graphene material is one of the most promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage applications, particularly supercapacitor devices due to its exceptional intrinsic properties such as highest theoretical specific surface area (2600 m2/g), high electrical charges mobility (230 000 cm2/V·s), thermal conductivity (3000 W/mK), and highest strength (130 GPa). This comprehensive review summarizes the most recent progress made on the graphene material in its different structural forms of foams (3D), thin films (2D), nano‐fibers (1D), and nano‐dotes (0D) for supercapacitor electrodes. It initiates with a brief historical introduction on graphene discovery and its current production techniques that retain its intrinsic properties ranging from mechanical exfoliation of graphene in high quality to its epitaxial growth by chemical vapor deposition on metal substrates and its derivation by chemical reduction of graphene oxide. In addition to highlighting its main characterization techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, as well as, its critical properties including electrical, optical, mechanical, and thermal properties. Its potential applications are also illustrated with emphasizing on its usage as an electrode material in supercapacitors. Finally, its main challenges and future prospects are considerably pointed out.