Background: HCV and DM are chronic diseases of high global prevalence. Many studies proved the association between Hepatitis C and DM in the last three decades and this consists of an interrelated association; moreover, HCV infection triggers Diabetes Mellitus, most probably type 2. Objective: To assess the possibility of the improvement of T2DM in patients with HCV when applying the new DAA HCV treatment in Egypt. Patients and Methods:The current study is a prospective cohort hospital-based study that aims to describe the association between T2DM on one hand and chronic HCV on the other hand after successful management of HCV through the DAAs according to the protocol of the Ministry of Health. SVR was defined as undetectable HCV RNA levels at 12 weeks after the end of treatment (EOT). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels between 100-125 mg/dL were defined as prediabetes and FPG ≥ 126 mg/dL was defined as diabetes. We have found positive correlation between management of HCV using DAAs in general and improvement of HbA1c and FPG. Moreover, we reported stronger correlation between achieving SVR and the HbA1c level and FPG. Results: After 12 weeks of follow-up, 82% of the patients maintained negative SVR, hemoglobin reduction was -0.6±0.4 %, 3 months after HCV treatment with a P value <0.001*. FPG reduction was -24.6±25.4 after 3 months of treatment with a P value of <0.001*. HbA1c reduction in patients with SVR was -0.8±0.2 % with a P value of <0.001*. No significant change in treatment choice was found during the period of study. Conclusion: Successful HCV eradication will result in a statistically significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes which is an indirect indicator of improvement of insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 DM.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complicated disorder. Up to 50% of its variance could be related to environmental factors. Aim: Environmental risk factors for ASD were studied among cases and controls. Additionally, the effects of some targeted interventional approaches on the severity of ASD and language abilities were compared. Methodology: This study was conducted on 61 autistic children (3-12 years) who visited the outpatient clinic for "Children with ASD" from September 2021 to February 2022. They were subjected to the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, and the Arabic Preschool Language Scale. The control subjects (N=62) were selected from volunteers. A questionnaire was designed for studying the environmental risk factors. Children with ASD were then divided into two groups: Group a (N=30) received phoniatric therapy; Group b (N=31) received phoniatric therapy and dietary supplementation. After 3 months, both groups were reassessed. Results: Risk factors such as maternal exposure to disinfectants and cleaners (78.7%), moderate maternal (39.3 %) and paternal (47.5 %) educational level, pregnancy in Summer (19.6%), delivery in Spring (19.6%) and prematurity (91.8%), showed significant statistical difference between cases and control subjects (P=0.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common psychiatric disorder in children and adolescents. Symptoms of ADHD and its treatment can impact an individual's quality of life (QoL). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of atomoxetine treatment, demographic characteristics, and seasonal variation on QoL in children with a recent diagnosis of ADHD and their parents. The present study included a cohort of 200 children diagnosed with ADHD. In addition to the recruited children, one of their parents was included in the study. ADHD symptoms were assessed using Conners' Parent Rating Scale. QoL of the participants was assessed with the PedsQL, while parents' QoL was evaluated using the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-Bref). There was significant improvement in pediatric and parental QoL after treatment with atomoxetine. Significant factors related to better QoL in the participants included spring season, above average Conner's score, male sex, and rural residence. However, after using multivariate regression analysis, only patients' sex and Conner's score were significant predictors of pediatric QoL at the end of treatment with atomoxetine. Medical treatment significantly improved QoL in children with ADHD and their parents. Level of improvement was affected by patients' sex and ADHD severity.