A cross-sectional study was performed from November 2005 to July 2007 to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria and its risk factors among type 2 diabetic patients.. Two hundred and eighty-eight type 2 diabetic patients (141 males and 147 females) referred to Yazd diabetes research center were randomly recruited for the study. Microalbuminuria was detected by measuring the albumin to creatinine ratio in the early morning urine. Microalbuminuria was diagnosed if this ratio was between 30 and 300 mg/g on two occasions during three months. Prevalence of microalbuminuria was 14.2%. Chi-square analysis revealed that microalbuminuria was correlated with the diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.003) and the duration of diabetes (P = 0.000). No statistically significant correlation was found between microalbuminuria and age, sex, body mass index, levels of fasting blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum triglyceride, and serum cholesterol, or systolic blood pressure. For 240 patients for whom the duration of diabetes was known from the answers in their questionnaires, logistic regression was used for analysis. Results showed that two variables including the duration of diabetes and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) play a role in this model and the following Logic association was obtained: g^ (x) = -9.233 ± 0.079 DBP ± 0.114 duration according to this model, both DBP and duration of diabetes were directly correlated with microalbuminuria. Determination of the urine albumin to creatinine ratio is an easy method for screening of microalbuminuria that is suggested for all diabetic patients, especially diabetic patients with hypertension and long-term diabetes.

Background: Low bone mass is a major health problem in postmenopausal women. There is no general agreement regarding relationship between serum level of lipids and bone mineral density. Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the association between lipid profile and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women in Yazd, Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 170 women aged between 50 and 70 years old with menopause for at least one year from Yazd, Iran, between March 2013 to September 2013. Association of lipid profile and BMD were measured in all study participants. Results: Among our participants 73 cases had lumbar osteoporosis, 17 cases had femoral osteoporosis and 80 cases did n't have osteoporosis. After controlling for body mass index, there were no correlations between serum level of lipids and bone mineral density of femur and lumbar bones. Conclusion: No significant association between serum level of lipids and BMD of femur and lumbar was found in postmenopausal women.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-care management and HbA1c level of the patients with type 2 diabetes in YAZD. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. The number of 376 diabetic patients referred to the Diabetes Research Center in Yazd entered the study. The data collection tool was a summary of Diabetes Self Care Activity questionnaire (SDSCA), which was collected through interviews with patients. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software V 16 and kruskalwallis and independent sample t tests. Results: The results showed that of 376 patients, 218 (%58) were women and 158 (%42) were male. The mean age of the participants in the study was 54.5 ± 10.9 years old and the mean duration of the disease was 9.53 ± 8.39 years. The mean HbA1C in the patients was 7.93% ± 1.38%. The mean of BMI was 28.93 ± 6 kg/ m 2 . The mean of self-care score in the patients under study was 30.53 ± 11.4. There was a significant relationship between the mean of self-care score, BMI, age and HbA1C ( P value <0.05). Conclusions: According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that the level of self-care in patients with controlled diabetes mellitus (HbA1C <7%) is more than patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (HbA1c ≥9%).

Introduction: surgical site infection is one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity: use of the prophylactic antibiotic is one of the effective methods for its prevention, the present study aimed to investigate the status of prophylactic administration of antibiotics in Surgery Department of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital of Yazd City in 2018. Methods: this descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 600 patients from General Surgery Department of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital of Yazd City in 2018. Data were collected by questionnaire. Selection of the prophylactic antibiotic (pa), the dosage, time, type and the route of antibiotic administration were compared with ASHP ( American Society of Health System Pharmacistis) and -Clinical Medicine Strategy of Using Preventive Antibiotics in Surgeries (Iranian guideline). Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 software. Results: Mean age of the patients was 35.02 ±19.12 years. Regarding the use or non-use of antibiotics 85.2%, the route of administration 85.2%, the dose of the drug 64.7% were in accordance with the instructions. The time of drug prescription was in accordance with the national instructions in 72.3% of cases and in accordance with ASHP in 72.8% of cases. The most inconsistency with ASHP and Iranian guideline was seen in the type of the antibiotic that was in accordance with ASHP and Iranian guideline in 50.7% and 48.8%, respectively. The overall appropriateness of PA was found in 50.7% and 48.8%  cases according to ASHP and Iranian guideline, respectively.   Conclusion: In the recent study, the most inconsistency with ASHP and Iranian guideline was seen in the type of prescription antibiotic.

Introduction: Flaxseed and sesame both are capable of reducing blood pressure, but no studies have been done to compare their effects on hypertension. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of breads containing either milled sesame or flaxseed on blood pressure of patients with type I hypertension. Methods: This was a randomized, single blind clinical trial study. Demographic information was obtained from 100 eligible patients and they were randomly allocated to flaxseed or sesame groups. They received breads containing 30 g of either flaxseed or sesame for 14 weeks. Blood pressure, abdominal circumference, and BMI (body mass index) were measured at the beginning, seventh week, and at the end of study. Questionnaires regarding their eating habits and physical activities were also completed at these times. Data was analyzes by SPSS version 16 and independent sample t test and repeated measurement test. Results: Both sesame and flaxseed significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.001) and there was no significant difference. On average, systolic pressure decreased by 9.5 mmHg with sesame and 10 mmHg with flaxseed. Likewise, diastolic blood pressure decreased by 5.05 mmHg with sesame and 5.8 mmHg with flaxseed. BMI and abdominal circumference reduced in both flaxseed (p= 0.001 and 0.001, respectively) and sesame (p=0.01 and 0.02, in order). No difference was observed between these groups. Conclusion: Both sesame and flaxseed could similarly decrease systolic and diastolic blood pressure, abdominal circumference, and BMI. Therefore, they could be used as supplements in reducing blood pressure.