Background: Insomnia is one of the most common sleep problems among children and is associated with a wide variety of impairments such as aggression, decreased attention and concentration, daytime sleepiness, hyperactivity, and irritability. A child with insomnia can affect the whole family. It is important to assess insomnia and sleep behaviors of children because insomnia is not a common diagnosis in them. Children’s Sleep Comic is a questionnaire to diagnose insomnia in children aged 5-11 years, which can be completed within 20 minutes. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to translate and investigate the Persian form of Children’s Sleep Comic's content validity and reliability. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 209 children aged 5-11 years in primary schools and preschools of Tehran who were selected by random cluster sampling in 2019. The translation was done with the forward-backward method. The content validity was evaluated by 10 occupational therapists, and quantitative content validity was determined by calculating the Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Internal consistency was assessed through Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest reliability via Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) among 30 children after one week as well as Standard Error of Measurement (SEM). Results: Overall, 220 children were entered into the study; however, 11 children were excluded because of missing data. The translation of Children's Sleep Comic was considered easy and acceptable. The content validity, which was assessed by CVR and CVI were desirable (0.8 and 0.8, respectively), and the internal consistency was 0.76. ICC and SEM were 0.97 and 0.02, respectively. Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that the Persian version of the Children's Sleep Comic questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used for screening insomnia in Iranian children aged 5-11 years.

Background: Evaluation of balance disorders is necessary for treatment and rehabilitation. The Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) has been shown to distinguish between different neurological populations. So far, no study has examined the validity of the subsystems of this test in comparison with objective evaluation. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the validity of the BESTest in measuring balance through using the force plate in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, BESTest was performed. Then, objective measures of balance, including Anticipatory Postural Adjustments (APAs) and Sensory Orientation were assessed using a force plate. Moreover, we calculated the sway, velocity, and area of sway outcomes. Results: This study included 17 MS patients (42.64 ± 7.8 years old; score 1 - 5 on the Expanded Disability Status Scale) and 17 healthy controls (42.33 ± 8.65 years old). All the BESTest subsystems, except subsystem Stability Limits/Verticality, showed a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.005). Significant correlations were found between the BESTest scores with anterior-posterior and medio-lateral sway, sway velocity in anterior-posterior direction, and the area of displacement in anterior-posterior direction (P < 0.005). Conclusions: The results of this study showed a good correlation between BESTest test and objective tests. Also, according to the correlation between each subsystem and the information extracted from the force plate, the subsystems had a good sensitivity for measuring balance disorders.

Background: Evaluation of balance disorders and differentiation of the populations with deficits is necessary for treatment and rehabilitation. The BESTest is used to evaluate balance and posture in various populations and has been shown to distinguish between different neurological populations. This study investigated the validity of the BESTest in measuring balance in the people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted with 34 participants including 17 PwMS (42.64 ±7.8 years old, score 1-5 on the Expanded Disability Status Scale) and 17 healthy controls (42.33±8.65 years old). After a comprehensive medical history, subjective clinical balance assessment (via BESTest) was performed. Then objective measures of balance domains of Anticipatory Postural Adjustments (APAs) and Sensory Orientation were assessed using a force plate, with sway, velocity and the area of sway outcomes calculated. Correlations between the subjective and objective measures of balance were computed. Results: The anterior-posterior and the medio-lateral sway, sway velocity in the AP direction, and area of displacement were significantly different between the two groups (P<0.005). Significant correlations were found between the BESTest scores with anterior-posterior and medio-lateral sway, sway velocity in anterior-posterior direction, and area of displacement in anterior-posterior direction (p<0.005). Conclusions: Results indicated that the BESTest assessment tool has a high accuracy and sensitivity to assess balance function in PwMS. It can be used as an outcome measure to test postural balance disorders in these people.