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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence and profile of cardiac arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction in the first 48 hours of hospitalization.

Smoking is well-known to cause respiratory disorders and pulmonary functions decline. In India, where majority of the population lives by agriculture and linked occupations in rural areas despite of rapid increase in urban population, the pulmonary function is expected to vary between rural and urban areas. Rural and urban variations in disease distribution are well known. Respiratory system evaluation and screening can easily be done by Pulmonary Function Tests. This study was carried out in the Kosi region of Katihar, Bihar, in 100 participants. For this study, computerized spirometer (RMS Helios 701) was used. In view of increasing behaviour of smoking among the rural and urban population of Kosi region of Bihar, this study was undertaken, for a better understanding of the correlation between smoking and its effects on pulmonary functions. It was observed that pulmonary function in mean ± standard deviation in urban smokers, FVC was 2.54 ± 0.86 litres, FEV 1 1.81 ± 0.88 litres, FEV 1 % was 74.83 ± 31.43 and PEFR was 5.98 ± 2.35 litres and FEF 25-75% was 2.95 ± 1.31 litres. The pulmonary function tests in rural smoker population in mean ± standard deviation, FVC was 2.56 ± 0.86 litres, FEV 1 2.21 ± 0.96 litres, FEV 1 % was 86.00 ± 23.73 and PEFR was 5.65 ± 2.18 litres and FEF 25-75% was 3.34 ± 1.37 litres. The comparison of PFT in urban smokers and rural smoker population was significant with "p" value <0.05 only in FEV 1 , other parameters showed insignificant results.

Background: The study was designed to assess the prevalence of silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) in asymptomatic patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with and without microalbuminuria, by the exercise electrocardiography and to assess the role of microalbuminuria as a marker for detecting silent coronary artery disease (CAD) and role of other conventional CAD risk factors in diabetic patients in development of SMI. Methods: A total of 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were dipstick negative for macroalbuminuria and had no history suggestive of CAD or ECG abnormality were taken. Out of 60 patients 30 patients were positive for microalbuminuria by Micral Test® II sticks and 30 were tested negative for microalbuminuria. Subsequently, they were divided into case and control groups. Results: The risk of undetected CAD was increased in male Type 2 diabetics (p <0.05) and in the presence of Microalbuminuria (p <0.05). A positive correlation was found between exercise time and amount of work performed during treadmill test (TMT). A positive TMT with angiographically proven significant coronary stenosis is higher in male and in patients having microalbuminuria. Conclusions: Patients with T2DM and microalbuminuria have significant association with SMI as proven by TMT and coronary angiography. Patient have SMI with severe disease might benefit from revascularization. Patients with less severe disesase may benefit from drug and lifestyle interventions.

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