Buruli ulcer is a chronic, indolent, necrotizing disease of the skin and soft tissue. Buruli ulcer is the third most common mycobacterial disease of immunocompetent hosts, after tuberculosis and leprosy, and is caused by toxin-producing mycobacteria named Mycobacterium ulcerans. Over the last 2 decades, a re-emergence of cases has occurred, leading to the 1998 World Health Organization (WHO) Buruli Ulcer Initiative and the Fifty-Seventh World Health Assembly Resolution on Buruli Ulcer, which have stimulated ongoing research into diagnosis, pathogenesis, and effective treatment.
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