This paper reviews recent findings on Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.), which is found throughout the Mediterranean region and has been introduced in several areas of the world. This species is used in reforestation efforts for timber production and protection of degraded areas. Several studies have shown that this species has high biomass productivity and high plasticity. Its radial growth is influenced by the climate and the physical environment. Aleppo pine is known for its great capacity for expansion in its natural environment and its great capacity for invasion in areas where it has been introduced worldwide. The use of P. halepensis Mill. as rootstock has yielded satisfactory resultsin the production of stone pine cones and nuts in marginalized, arid, and dry areas. This review can help forest managers developing optimal management strategies for Aleppo pine stands in arid and sub-arid Mediterranean regions.