Bahasa Arab tak sekedar bahasa dalam memahami komunikasi antar manusia, melainkan juga alat komunikasi dengan Sang Pencipta. Kondisi bahasa Arab yang istimewa ini menjadi sebuah posisi yang perlu ditelusuri. Untuk itu, makalah ini akan menganalisis kondisi belajar dan pembelajaran bahasa Arab di minoritas muslim. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Papua Barat dengan subyek penelitian di madrasah Kabupaten Sorong. Pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan pengamatan. Sepanjang tiga bulan mulai Februari sampai Mei 2016, pengumpulan data secara berkesinambungan. Makalah ini membahas dua aspek yaitu belajar dan pembelajaran. Dalam dinamika masyarakat minoritas muslim, bahasa Arab dicapai melalui dua hal tersebut. Secara formal pembelajaran berlangsung dengan konstruksi yang dilakukan secara kelembagaaan. Sementara di masyarakat juga berlangsung proses belajar yang dikreasikan secara informal dengan prakarsa dan inisiatif masing-masing keluarga secara tidak terstruktur. Akhirnya, kedua praktik berjalan seiring dan saling melengkapi untuk memberikan kesempatan bagi setiap warga muslim untuk belajar yang tidak terbatas pada kesempatan umur dan formalitas.
Dynamo Assessment is a computerized assessment that tests children's performance on 14 mathematical components. 4 of these components involve number magnitude (visual quantity approximation, ordering numbers, number comparison, estimation); 4 involve number meanings (counting; single-digit number symbols; multi-digit number symbols; sequencing) and 6 involve number relationships and arithmetic (number facts; mental strategies; number bonds; problem solving; tens; and multiplication. It has mainly been used to plan interventions. This study aimed to find out more about typically developing children's performance. 2759 children between 7 and 11 underwent the assessment. Key findings are that all tests correlate significantly with one another, and that performance on all tests improves with age. When the Number Magnitude scores were grouped together, the biggest age change seemed to occur between ages 9 and 10. The same was true for the Number Relationships scores. When the Number Meaning scores were grouped together, the biggest age change seemed to occur between ages 8 and 9. The Number Meaning and Number Magnitude scores correlated negatively with the reaction times to these tests (faster children did better), but the Number Relationships score correlated positively with reaction time (slower children did better). Implications for our understanding of mathematical development are discussed.
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