There is no information available in the general paediatric literature about amitraz poisoning. In the present study, which is the largest series in the literature, we report 24 children with amitraz poisoning.

Although TBW increases in children with SSNS, intravascular volume is normal. In addition, hypoalbuminemia and sodium retention of the proximal tubule cause edema in children with SSNS.

The effects of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in the clinical course of COVID-19 on children with underlying rheumatologic diseases have not been fully demonstrated. To evaluate the course of COVID-19 infection in patients with rheumatic disease receiving bDMARD treatment. This was a retrospective, multicenter study conducted in pediatric patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 and under bDMARDs therapy. The study population consisted of 113 patients (72 female/41 male). The mean age of the patients was 12.87 ± 4.69 years. The primary diagnosis of the cohort was as follows: 63 juvenile idiopathic arthritis, 35 systemic autoinflammatory diseases, 10 vasculitides, and five cases of connective tissue diseases. The mean duration of the primary disease was 4.62 ± 3.65 years. A total of 19 patients had additional comorbid diseases. Thirty-five patients were treated with canakinumab, 25 with adalimumab, 18 with etanercept, 10 with infliximab, nine with tocilizumab, six with rituximab, four with anakinra, three with tofacitinib, and one with abatacept. The median exposure time of the biological drug was 13.5 months. Seventy-one patients had symptomatic COVID-19, while 42 were asymptomatic. Twenty-four patients required hospitalization. Five patients presented with MIS-C. The hospitalized patients were younger and had a shorter duration of rheumatic disease compared to ambulatory patients, although the difference was not statistically significant. Steroid usage, presence of fever, and dyspnea were more common among the hospitalized patients. A worsening in the course of both COVID-19 and current disease was not noticed under bDMARDs, however, to end with a strong conclusion multicentric international studies are required.

Objectives Colchicine is the fundamental treatment of familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). Still, 5–10% of patients are not in remission with colchicine treatment. A consensus could not be established for the definition of colchicine resistance in FMF. This study aimed to determine factors that help to predict colchicine resistance in pediatric FMF patients. Methods Patients with FMF that age of diagnosis was under 18 years old were included in our study. Fifty colchicine responsive and 33 colchicine-resistant patients were stratified as groups 1 and 2, respectively. Patients’ clinical and laboratory findings were evaluated. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors of colchicine-resistant FMF. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to identify and compare the predictive performances of colchicine-resistant FMF models. Results Homozygous exon 10 MEFV mutations were frequent in group 2 (Group 1: 34 (68%), group 2: 32 (97%), p = .013). Univariate analysis showed that the age of onset of symptoms, age of diagnosis, chronic arthritis, myalgia and diarrhea during attacks, and the number of attacks, high ISSF and Pras score, high C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) values under colchicine treatment were risk factors for colchicine-resistant FMF. With multivariate analysis, the number of attacks (OR 1.418, CI (95%) 1.149–1.750, p = .001) and high ESR values (OR 1.129, CI (95%) 1.059–1.204, p<.001) were detected as independent risk factors for colchicine-resistant FMF. Conclusion The predictive factors were determined for pediatric colchicine-resistant FMF in our study. The results will help to early diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammation in FMF.

Background/Objectives: Chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is an inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent attacks and remissions due to sterile bone inflammation. The CNO may be accompanied by various inflammatory diseases. The aims of our study were to determine the clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of children with CNO, and to investigate the possible effect of concomitant diseases on the course of CNO.Methods: Twenty-three patients who were diagnosed with CNO between 2012 and 2019 were analyzed. Demographic characteristics, clinical courses, laboratory and imaging findings, and concomitant diseases were recorded. The characteristics of the CNO patients with and without concomitant diseases were compared. Results:The mean ± SD age of patients at the time of diagnosis and the last follow-up was 10.46 ± 4.1 and 12.47 ± 4.47 years, respectively. The median (range) time interval between disease onset and diagnosis was 5.33 (1-55) months. The mean ± SD duration of disease was 24.71 ± 16.76 months. Twelve patients (52.2%) were male. The most commonly affected areas were femur (74%), tibia/fibula (74%), and pelvis (52.2%). Age at symptom onset, age at diagnosis, mean number of lesions, presence of sacroiliitis, acute phase reactants at the start of disease, clinical and radiological remission rates, and treatment responses were not significantly different between the 13 patients with concomitant diseases and those without. Eight patients (34.8%) had familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), and all of them had exon 10 mutations. Four patients (17.4%) had juvenile spondylarthritis, one had inflammatory bowel disease, and one had psoriatic arthritis as concomitant diseases. Clinical remission was achieved in 19 patients (82.6%) and complete remission in 11 patients (47.8%) at the time of follow-up. Conclusions:In our cohort, half of the patients with CNO had concomitant diseases, with FMF being the most common. We think that the coexistence of FMF and CNO is not a coincidental one and that both may result due to an abnormality of a common pathogenetic pathway.