Background: Expressed emotion (EE) is an attitude, feeling, or behavior based on the emotional responses of the family caregiver in response to and reaction towards the ill family members. This concept has long been used to investigate the family environment of patients with mental disorders which reflects the extent to which family members close to a patient express critical comments, hostile and emotionally over-involved attitudes or warmth when talking about the patient. Given the paucity of research on this subject in Ethiopia and the area under study, it is important to evaluate caregivers of schizophrenic patients' expressed emotion and the elements that are related to it. Objective: To assess prevalence of expressed emotion and associated factors among care givers of schizophrenic patient attending mental health service in DURH, Dilla, and southern Ethiopia. Method and material: An institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed at DURH psychiatry clinic. Data was collected using face to face interview by interviewer administered questionnaire by using a mobile software epi.INFO version 7 and medical chart review was used to take the diagnosis of the patient and any comorbid disorder. Systematic random sampling was used to collect sample. The collected data was exported to SPSS version 22 for analysis, Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify associated factors of expressed emotion among caregivers of schizophrenic patient attending mental health service in DURH. The statistical significance was set at P-value <0.05. Result: High expressed emotion was observed in 50.5% (43.1-57.4) of respondents. Caring for schizophrenic patients for about 6-8 years (AOR=3.5; 95%CI: 2.1-6.3), being female caregiver (AOR=1.2; 95%CL: 1.15-4.1), caregiver moderate to severe overload (AOR=2.0; 95%CI: 1.81-5.4) and 6-10 years total duration of illness (AOR=1.6; 95%CI: 1.42-3.9) were significantly associated with high expressed emotion. Conclusion: Since the present study reported high level of EE in almost half family members, there is need for psychosocial nursing care for every family members of schizophrenia patient which will help them to effectively cope with the stress of managing the mentally ill family member at home.

Intestinal obstruction is common surgical emergency, ileosigmoid knot is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction (a loop of ileum and sigmoid colon twisted around each other in a knot). This knot is common in Negro people. About 150 cases recorded in literatures, but we recorded a more six cases in Basrah General Teaching Hospital in the last 10 years.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a transport layer protocol which uses three way handshake mechanisms for connection establishment. The research issue is to use TCP in MANETs for communication between source node and destination node. TCP has various agents, which are used for connection with source node or destination node. Seven agents for source and four agents for destination has been used in this research in order to evaluate the performance of OLSR routing protocol and to identify the behavior of OLSR over TCP's various agents by some performance metrics. The environment of this research is campus and the parameters for simulation are area size, packet size, simulation time etc in order to investigate the performance matrices such as sent rate, received rate and drop rate of data packets, packet delivery ratio, average end-to-end delay and average throughput by using NS-2.35 simulator. The results show that with all of the agents of the source node the performance of OLSR is better when the agent of the destination node is Agent/TCPSink/DelAck or Agent/TCPSink/Sack1/DelAck or Agent/TCPSink/Sack1.