Objective: To determine if the traditional chewing stick Miswak was as effective in cleaning teeth as Toothbrush. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, from Aug 2020 to Jan 2021. Methodology: A total of 300 subjects were included which were divided in two groups on the basis of whether they used miswak or toothbrush as a cleaning aid. Group A was toothbrush users and group B was Miswak user. Plaque Index was used to determine the cleanliness of teeth. The scores were recorded and data analyzed using SPSS-23. Results: The means and standard deviations of Plaque Index score for group A and B were 0.96 ± 0.58 and 0.98 ± 0.56 respectively. The comparison of Plaque Index score for both groups was insignificant with the p-value of 0.083. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it is concluded that, no significant difference was found in the effectiveness of traditional miswak and tooth brush. It is recommended that if the technique of teeth cleaning is good then any of the abovementioned means of teeth cleaning can be used.

Objectives: To measure the average bone width and bone height in the posterioredentulous spans in the mandible as well as to evaluate bone quality and anterior extensionof the Inferior alveolar nerve to assess possibility for dental implant placement. Study Design:Cross-sectional study. Setting: Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi – Pakistan.Period: July 2017 to Oct 2017. Method: Bone height, width and anterior extension of inferioralveolar nerve was assessed using CBCT images from the hospital database. Bone quality wascategorized as hard, moderately hard or soft based on clinician’s tactile sensations. Results:Average bone width of 6.12 ±1.51 mm and average bone height of 13.56 ± 2.43 mm wasfound among the study subjects. “Soft” bone quality was found most prevalent in the posteriormandible. Anterior extension of the Inferior alveolar nerve was visible in 14% of subjects only.Conclusion: Variations in the bone width, height and density endorse the importance of a sitespecificbone tissue evaluation prior to implant installation.

Objective: The study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of retentive failure patterns of single crowns leading to de-cementation of the crowns and to estimate their average length of service. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Prosthodontics, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from May to Nov 2020. Methodology: 80 patients were selected using the non-probability Consecutive sampling technique. Both male and female patients with only single-unit crowns were included. In addition, the material used for the fabrication of crowns, years of service and site of retentive failure were recorded. Results: Female patients (41, 51.3%) reported more frequently than males (39, 48.8%). The majority of the dislodged crowns (41, 51.3%) concerned the mandibular posterior region. Almost half of the crowns (44, 55%) dislodged due to fracture occurring at the interface of restoration and the cement. 68.8% of crowns served for 1-3 years before dislodgement. Most of the dislodged restorations (30, 37.5%) were provided by general dentists. Conclusion: Mandibular posterior crowns were the most prevalent crowns that were dislodged, and the estimated length of most of the crowns was up to 3 years. Therefore, the anatomy of the tooth being prepared must be considered before preparing the tooth so that retentive failure may be reduced, thus improving the overall length of service.