Non-Starch Polysaccahride (NSP) is an agricultural byproduct containing of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. Hemicellulose has a hydroxyl functional group and carboxylic function on the monomer hemicellulose used as a binding ability for cadmium ion and hence as a pharmaceutical active ingredient to prevent cadmium toxicity. The purpose of this study is to isolate and evaluate hemicelluloses from corn cobs as a binding ability toward cadmium ion. The study is conducted by isolating the corn cobs in such way using 0.2 M NaOH, characterization of hemicellulose from corn cobs produced by Infra Red Spectrofotometry. Binding ability of corn cobs hemicellulose (CCH) was done in 3 ways. The first, it was by titrimetric with cadmium 3 mg/cm 3 as a titrant and indicator of 0.05 N NaOH. The second, it was by in vitro test at pH 2 as a comparison to use pectin. The third, the in vivo test was conducted in 3 variations of treatment covering CCH 10 mg, 100 mcg of cadmium for 10 weeks. Assay of cadmium was conducted using atomic absorption spectrophotometry with flame at a wavelength of 228.8 nm. The research result showed that the highest yield of hemicellulose (12.04%) was obtained from delignication with 0.03 M NaOH in 60% ethanol and 3% H 2 O 2 , hemicellulose isolation with 500 cm 3 of 0.2 M NaOH, and precipitation with 1:4 ratio of 10% acetic acid in 95% ethanol. Characteristics of CCH on infrared vibration methods provide vibrational hemicellulose in the region of 1820 -1600 cm −1 . It meant that the functional group carbonyl was present, and the vibration widened near 3400 -2400 cm −1 . It indicated that there was the functional group vibration region of hydroxyl. It also meant that there was carboxylic group and finger print at 1500 -500 cm −1. Test results of the titrimetric holding ability showed that CCH was binding 100 mg of cadmium (46.17 ± 0.9256) mg or 46.17%. Binding ability test results at pH 2 showed that 300 mg of CCH yield was binding 30 mg cadmium of (26.68 ± 0.1490) mg or 88.93%. The results of in vivo tests showed that cadmium levels decreased by 95.05%. Based on the exposure, it can be concluded that the CCH isolation yields of 12.04% and can reduce cadmium levels in the blood. It means that the CCH can be used as a chelating agent of cadmium ions by in vitro and in vivo.

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Abstract.  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of boiling time using utensils made of different metal component on thenitrate and nitrite contentsin carrots. The carrots were obtained from Jaranguda Village, Karo Regency, North Sumatra. The utensil types used for boiling were made of stainless steel, what so called periuk and aluminum and boiling time were 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 15 minutes.The determination of nitrite was done by visible spectrophotometer using sulfanilic acid and N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride reagentsand absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 540 nm. The determinationof nitrate wascarried out by reducing the nitrate into nitrite using Zinc powder and diluted HCl then measured as nitrite. The nitritelevel was then convertedinto nitrate. The result showed that the utensil types and boiling time affected the levels of nitrate and nitrite in carrots. The nitrate and nitrite levels in fresh carrots was 32.14 mg/kg and 24.78 mg/kg respectively. After boiling for 5 minutes, the nitrate and nitrite levels decreased significantly. Further boiling of boiled carrots, the nitrite levelincreased in the aluminum utensil from 11.00 mg/kg to 20.15 mg/kg (83 %); in periuk from 9.18 mg/kg to 16.95 mg/kg (78%) andin stainless steelfrom 8.21 mg/kg to 11.75 mg/kg (43%). While the nitrate level decreased in aluminumutensil from 27.14 mg/kg to 21.08 mg/kg (22%); stainless steel from 16.40 mg/kg to 13.25 mg/kg (19%) and periuk from 20.30 mg/kg to 16.51 mg/kg (18%).  The results of this study indicated that the nitrite level increased, while nitrate level decreased with boiling time.The effect of utensil type used on boiling increased nitrite but decreased nitrate level in carrotsand these effects were found that the mostinfluential treatmentwas using utensil made of aluminum. Keyword: Carrot, Boiling Time, Nitrate, Nitrit, Utensil Type

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