LMWH administration using our standard outpatient bridging protocol for perioperative anticoagulation appears to be relatively safe and efficacious, offering an alternative to inpatient administration of intravenous unfractionated heparin (UFH). Our study provides additional evidence to the limited published observational data regarding the safety and efficacy of LMWH as bridging therapy in the perioperative and periprocedural setting. Large, multicenter, randomized controlled trials are necessary to fully assess the safety and efficacy of LMWH for perioperative anticoagulation.We conducted a retrospective observational study of 69 consecutive anticoagulation clinic patients on warfarin between August 2001 and August 2002, who were undergoing a procedure or surgery. The study was done to assess the safety and efficacy of an outpatient LMWH bridging protocol. Sixty-six patients received enoxaparin and three patients received tinzaparin for a mean duration of 3 days preoperatively and 7.7 days postoperatively. Outcomes were assessed for 30 days post-procedure. Safety outcomes included major bleeding and minor bleeding. Efficacy outcomes included thromboembolic event or death. There were two major bleeding events, one minor bleeding event, and no cases of thromboembolism. Twelve patients experienced some bruising around the injection site.

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory vasculitis of the aorta and its main branches, which if not treated can lead to severe vascular damage and fatal vascular events. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the mainstay of the therapy of TA but a significant proportion of patients tend to experience flare-ups when their GCs are tapered. We report a case of a 42-year-old female with TA, diagnosed according to the 1990 American College of Rheumatology Criteria for TA. Cardiovascular assessment showed normal carotid upstrokes with bilateral carotid bruits and soft right and left subclavian bruits with weak peripheral pulses. A computed tomography (CT) aortogram of the chest showed severe stenosis of bilateral subclavian arteries and mild stenosis of right and left common carotid arteries at the origin. A CT aortogram of the abdomen showed an occluded left renal artery, a very small left kidney, and mild narrowing of the abdominal aorta below the level of renal arteries. She was initially managed with GCs along with immunosuppressive therapy including methotrexate, azathioprine, and cyclophosphamide, but her disease remained active. She was then sequentially treated with inhibitor etanercept (ETN), inhibitor tocilizumab (TCZ) and monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab (RTX), and in spite of aggressive biologic therapy she continued to have active disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of refractory TA treated sequentially with three different biologic drugs.

Objectives The EVOLVE 48 study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of the SYNERGY 48 mm stent for the treatment of long lesions. Background Clinical evidence supporting the use of very long stents during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is limited. The bioabsorbable polymer SYNERGY stent has shown good long‐term data in a broad population of patients undergoing PCI. Methods Patients with lesion length >34‐ ≤44 mm and reference vessel diameter (RVD) ≥2.5‐ ≤ 4.0 mm were enrolled in this prospective, multicenter, single‐arm study. The primary endpoint was 12‐month target lesion failure (TLF; composite of target lesion revascularization [TLR], target‐vessel myocardial infarction [TV‐MI], or cardiac death) compared to a prespecified performance goal (PG). Results A total of 100 patients with mean lesion length of 35.34 ± 7.15 mm (26 patients with lesion length > 40 mm) and mean RVD 2.72 ± 0.44 mm were enrolled. Moderate to severe calcification was present in 30% of the patients and 89% had pre‐TIMI flow grade 3. The rates of technical and clinical procedural success were 100%. One‐year TLF was observed in 4.1% patients compared to a prespecified PG of 19.5% (95% upper confidence bound = 9.1%; p < 0.0001). Cardiac death and TLR were each observed in one patient, and TV‐MI in two patients treated with SYNERGY 48 mm stent. Between the 1‐2‐year timeframe, TV‐MI occurred in one additional patient. None of the patients experienced a definite or probable stent thrombosis through 2 years. Conclusions PCI of long coronary lesions with the 48 mm SYNERGY stent demonstrated good procedural and clinical outcomes through 2 years, supporting its clinical safety and efficacy.

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