Cement is widely used in the building industry because it is reliable and because its basic ingredients are inexpensive and abundant. However, the production of cement produces heavy metal-laden dust that can harm humans and the environment. This study aimed to determine the risk posed by heavy metals in the soil around a cement company in Sokoto, Nigeria. Soil samples were obtained at 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 km from the company and served as test samples, while control samples were obtained at 5.0 km away. The soil samples were treated and assayed for lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The values obtained were used to estimate the heavy metals’ average daily inhalation (ADI), average daily dermal exposure (ADDE), hazard quotient (HQ), health risk index (HRI), and carcinogenic risk (CR). Permissible levels of all the heavy metals were detected at all the locations (0.1 > 0.5 > 1.0 > 5.0 km). However, the ADI, ADDE, HQ, HRI, and CR of the heavy metals were above the permissible limits. It can be inferred from the results that the soil around the company can predispose humans to heavy metal toxicities. Consequently, the company needs to prioritize pollution control.

This study used Geostatistics techniques to find the variability in the concentration of lead (Pb) in Sokoto Rima Basin Region. The concentrations Lead (Pb) were measured and analyzed in one hundred and three (103) different sample points in Sokoto Rima Basin region of Nigeria. The region is characterized as one of the center for agricultural activities in Nigeria. The soil samples were collected from agricultural, industrial and residential areas. The concentrations of heavy Lead (Pb) were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The technique of Co-Kriging was used to develop empirical semivariogram model to predict the concentrations of Lead (Pb) in the soil. The result shows that concentrations of Lead (Pb) have exceeded the standard level in the study area. The study revealed that there are extreme concentrations of heavy metals in the central region of the study area.

No abstract