To increase movement capacity and to reduce injury risk in young soccer players by implementing a special functional exercise program based on functional movement screen (FMS) and correctives. 67 young male athletes 14–19 years of age from a Super League Football Club Academy participated in the study. Functional movement patterns were evaluated with FMS assessment protocol. Deep squat, hurdle step, inline lunge, shoulder mobility, active straight leg raise, trunk stability push-up, and rotatory stability were examined in FMS. Considering the FMS scores the number of intervention and control groups were defined as 24 and 43, respectively. Intervention program was composed of 1 hr twice a week sessions in total of 12 weeks with 4 weeks of mobility, 4 weeks of stability, and 4 weeks of integration exercises. At the end of 12-week intervention and control groups were re-evaluated with FMS protocol. Contact and noncontact sports injuries recorded during one season. In intervention group there was statistically significant difference in increase in total FMS scores (P<0.01), deep squat (P≤0.001), hurdle step (P<0.05), inline lunge (P<0.01), and trunk stability push-up (P<0.01). In control group total FMS, deep squat, and trunk stability push-up scores increased with a statistical difference (P<0.01, P<0.05, P≤0.01, respectively). The incidence of noncontact injury in control group was higher than intervention group (P<0.05). Periodic movement screening and proper corrections with functional training is valuable in order to create better movement capacity to build better physical performance and more effective injury prevention.

Musculoskeletal simulation and dynamic modeling programs have been used to gain insight into lower-limb musculoskeletal injury mechanisms. In addition to the temporospatial, kinematic, and kinetic data obtained from motion analysis systems, musculoskeletal simulation programs also can provide information on joint contact and muscle forces, musculotendinous lengths and velocities, and muscle activation levels. Musculoskeletal simulation platforms may help in the assessment of risk factors for sports-related injuries. Using musculoskeletal simulations for injury prevention programs may help lower the incidence of sports injuries, and may allow for fast recovery from injury. In this review, injury mechanisms and risk factors of some of the most common lower-limb musculoskeletal injuries, including anterior cruciate ligament, patellofemoral, and hamstring injuries were summarized from a biomechanical perspective. Also, the efficacy of musculoskeletal modeling and dynamic simulation tools in helping our understanding of these injury mechanisms was discussed.

BackgroundCoach-led delivery of the FIFA 11+ warm-up program is an effective strategy for program implementation. There is emerging evidence that coaches' task self-efficacy (TSE) predicts FIFA 11+ implementation in youth soccer.ObjectiveTo determine the impact of a comprehensive FIFA 11+ workshop on youth soccer coaches' TSE.DesignQuasi-experimental pilot study.SettingCommunity youth soccer.ParticipantsThis study involved 73 Canadian coaches (66.7% male, aged 18–66 years) participating in a pilot pre-implementation FIFA 11+ workshop (Spring 2016).InterventionsExperts with experience in program implementation delivered a coach workshop, comprising an extensive theory-based classroom session and a field-based practical demonstration of the FIFA 11+ program.Main Outcome MeasurementsA questionnaire was used to assess coaches' TSE for implementing the FIFA 11+ on a 7-point Likert scale. Difference in the pre-post workshop ratings of TSE as measured by coaches' confidence in both their understanding the FIFA 11+ program (TSE1) and their ability to use the program with their teams (TSE2). Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test analysis was used to assess any statistical differences between baseline and post-workshop ratings of TSE.ResultsCoaches had a median (1st, 3rd quartiles) baseline TSE1 rating of 6 (4, 6) and TSE2 rating of 6 (5, 6). There were statistical significant differences in coaches' TSE1 (z=−3.99; p<0.001) and TSE2 (z=−2.48; p=0.013) following workshop participation as compared to baseline.ConclusionsA comprehensive FIFA 11+ workshop generated positive increases in coach TSE, which may help optimize program uptake and implementation. Further evaluation of this coach workshop strategy on behavioural and implementation outcomes will be performed in a large population of coaches across different cities in Canada in an ongoing nationwide implementation of the FIFA 11+ program in youth soccer.

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BackgroundThe FIFA 11+ program is efficacious in preventing lower extremity injuries in youth soccer players; however, its implementation remains a challenge. Coaches' beliefs and actions regarding injury prevention may influence program implementation.ObjectiveTo describe baseline psychosocial factors and evaluate their relationship with intended FIFA 11+ implementation amongst youth soccer coaches, using the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) behaviour change model.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingCommunity youth soccer.ParticipantsSeventy-nine youth soccer coaches from across Canada who attended a FIFA 11+ workshop (Spring 2016) during a nationwide program implementation initiative.Assessment of Risk FactorsA HAPA-based questionnaire was used to measure risk perceptions (RP), outcome expectancies (OE) and task self-efficacy (TSE) on a 7-point Likert scale. Scale levels were combined (positive, negative and neutral) to describe baseline values. Spearman correlation was used to assess relationship between factors and intention (INT) (with Bonferroni correction).Main Outcome MeasurementsINT to implement the FIFA 11+ in the successive soccer season as measured by the questionnaire.ResultsIn total, 92.4% of coaches completed the survey. Most coaches (84.6%) believed the overall risk of injury in youth soccer was high (RP). 80.6% of coaches believed soccer injuries were preventable (OE1) and 94.4% believed that the FIFA 11+ would decrease injury risk (OE2). 69.1% were confident in their understanding of the FIFA 11+ (TSE1) and 76.8% were confident in their ability to use it (TSE2). Most coaches (82.5%) intended to use the program (INT). Only TSE2 was found to be significantly associated with INT (rs=0.42, p=0.001).ConclusionsThis preliminary analysis demonstrates that task self-efficacy relating to youth soccer coaches' confidence in being able to use the FIFA 11+ correlates positively with their intention to implement the program. No other significant relations were found between the other psychosocial factors and coaches' intention.