The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a new design of low-cost and portab le lab oratory kit that is prospective for supporting teaching and learning on the automation process. The kit consists of the water tank filling system (sizes of 50 mL; as a model for describ ing reallistic tank in the plant) equipped with a programmab le logic controller (PLC) integrated with SCADA system, human machine interface (HMI) monitor, reservoir, temperature, water level sensors, mixer, and heater. To b e adaptab le in any types of classroom, the kit was placed on the portab le tab le (length x width x height of 100 x 50 x 150 cm). To approach the industrial tank system in industry, the tank was designed to b e mixed and connected to other tank, and the temperature and water volumetric (water level) was controllab le. To examine the impact of the designed kit on the improvement of teaching and learning process , the prob lem b ased learning (PBL) approach was also conducted in class. The economic analysis result showed that the present kit is inexpensive and portab le, compared to other commercially availab le kits/devices. The PBL results showed that the kit is simple and to give b etter illustrations for students to comprehend the process control system in the realistic application in industry. Further developments of this kit is potentially implemented as an experimental tool for undergraduate students.

Abstract

-Learning activities in the industrial automation course requires a comprehensive experiment. Expensive lab equipment has implications for the quality of learning. Innovation is needed to produce media that can enhance the skills of learners in the operation and programming of industrial automation devices. This paper introduces the results of a preliminary design of training kit that has a real concept of mobile plant. This equipment was designed to practice basic and advanced logics in the control systems. The device included the real-time control system with open-source software, and also came with the manual book and job sheet. The availability of this device is expected to improve the ability of problem solving in actual control systems.

The Goldblatt method is one of several methods that can be used in making mouse model of hypertension. The principle of the Goldblatt method itself aims to cause renovascular hypertension by constricting renal blood vessels that results in hypoxic injury and consequently affects the RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System). This study aims to determine whether a modification to the Goldblatt method and an additional high salt consumption could be a more effective method in developing a mouse model of hypertension. This study was done on DDY strain mice with 4 weeks of age and 25-30 grams of weight. A simple ligation to constrict renal blood vessel was used as modification from the original Goldblatt 2K1C (two-kidney, one-clip) method. A total of 32 mice were randomized to receive either a modified Goldblatt, modified Goldblatt with salt diet, sham surgery only, or sham with salt diet. Blood pressure was measured at baseline, first week after intervention, and second week after intervention. The data was then analysed by repeated ANOVA method. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to analyse histology appearance. This study showed that using a high salt diet only-method generated a hypertensive state faster compared to the modified Goldblatt method, while the modified Goldblatt method produced a steadier increase of blood pressure. Statistically, there was a significant difference of blood pressure between the sham and salt diet group compared to the other three groups at the first week after intervention (p<0,05). The resulting blood pressure from all the methods used in this study was influenced by time. From all four interventions, it is concluded that the modified Goldblatt 2K1C arterial ligation method with an additional high salt consumption had an effect on mice blood pressure. It is prospective to use the salt intervention method for study of hypertension with a short-time period because its acute effect on the rise of diastolic blood pressure was more rapid than the other three groups. On the other hand, the ligation group produced a steadier increase in diastolic blood pressure, therefore might be effective to be used for study of hypertension in a long-time period.