A large number of plant and weed species produce secondary metabolites known as allelochemicals, and the process is known as allelopathy. Allelochemicals can be used to control weeds in agricultural systems by using allelopathic crops for intercropping, crop rotation, or mulching. A few important examples of crop species with high allelopathic potential may include (but not limited to) wheat, rice, sorghum, rye, barley, and sunflower. The naturally produced allelochemicals in these crops could be manipulated to suppress weeds and witness an environment-friendly and sustainable agricultural production system. The objective of this article is to review the opportunities for using allelopathy to enhance overall potentiality of weeds and crops in natural weed management. Allelopathy is the beneficial or adverse effect of one plant on another due to direct or indirect release of chemicals from live or dead plants (including microorganisms). Although we cannot discard use of synthetic herbicides completely at the present situation but their use can be reduced up to a specific extent by using allelopathic potentiality as a preferred weed management strategy for crop production as well as environmental benefits.

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Wheat is the most important cereal crop, a great source of dietary protein. It is grown worldwide for its consumption in the form of different products. Wheat production faces a lot of biotic and abiotic stresses that hinder growth and yield. Changing climate is a worse scenario to be adopted for sustainable production. Food demand is rapidly increasing by a drastic increase in the world population. Conventional breeding techniques are time-consuming and ineffective in attaining high yield goals under changing climates. Next-generation sequencing revolutionized wheat breeding through molecular approaches for effective selection. The use of genomic approaches in wheat breeding is the need of time for sustainable production. Several genomic approaches, such as use of genome-wide markers for gene mapping, genomic selection and recurrent selection through QTL and meta-QTL analysis, markers-assisted selection in haploid breeding, heterosis breeding through genomic tools, and biotechnological tools, are currently used as modern techniques for developing climate-resilient wheat cultivars. This chapter illustrated the challenges of changing climate, molecular techniques in wheat breeding to develop climate-resilient genotypes, sustainable wheat production to cope with food demand, and future breeding strategies.