Upland rice potential needs to be explored from various aspects so that it can really contribute to the increase in national rice production. Potential of upland rice apart from the potential aspects of resources availability also needs to be explored from the social and economic aspects that were studied in the concept of agribusiness. Potential in resource and social were being investigated by the qualitative method, while potential in economics was being investigated by the quantitative method, namely R/C ratio analysis. The results showed: (a) The resources potential in the form of land availability and an increase of upland rice productivity in South Konawe District. Upland rice also has the advantage of adaptation in various agroecology, soil types, and types of plants in intercropping systems; (b) The social potential in the form of farmers’ knowledge and skills regarding upland rice cultivation which tends to the concept of organic farming, socio characteristics and social capital; (c) The economic potential in the form of higher prices for rice from upland rice than rice from lowland rice, limited market share, and high financial feasibility.

The high lignin content in a waste of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) can be utilized as an active compound in the preparation of natural pesticides. Lignin from OPEFB can be degraded into phenolic derivatives. The degradation of lignin was carried out by photooxidation using TiO2, which was synthesized directly from the ilmenite minerals. The success of TiO2-ilmenite synthesis was evidenced by the appearance of specific diffractogram peaks at 2θ = 25.5° for anatase TiO2 and 27.65° for TiO2 rutile. The ability of TiO2-ilmenite in lignin degradation was analyzed using UV-visible spectroscopy. Based on the analysis, it was known that the use of TiO2-ilmenite 0.3 g with radiation time of 20 to 30 min showed the highest degradation of 16.40-23.42 %. The degradation results were used to determine the antifungal activity of lignin from OPEFB. The results indicated that the high activity of lignin from OPEFB in inhibiting the growth of Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht with the highest clear zone diameter was 2.59 cm.

This study aimed to analyze the effects of production factors on production volume; determine and analyze the technical, economic, and allocative level of efficiency of vanname shrimp farming.  The study was conducted at Sani-Sani village in Samaturu sub regency, Kolaka regency, involving 46 purposively-selected samples of shrimp farmers. Analysis was performed using the Frontier version 41.c program by applying the stochastic frontier approach to production function and cost function. Results of the study were: volume of production were affected by: farming area, urea fertilizer, shrimp feedings, shrimp seedlings, and labors. Production cost was affected by price of: volume production, urea fertilizer, SP36 fertilizer, lime, shrimp seedlings, and labors. The average technical efficiency, allocative efficiency and economic efficiency shrimp farming vanname in the classification efficiency was low because the value below 90 percent efficiency ranged between 80.99 to 88.64 percent of the use of factors of production is not efficient , which means they need additional factor production. Keywords: vanname shrimp; allocative; economic; technical efficiency; stochastic frontier