No abstract

The condition of the Covid-19 pandemic which lasted for approximately a year resulted in restrictions on tourism and entertainment activities. Beach tourism is one of the tourism that is carried out outdoors to be excellent because of this condition. Sebalang Beach which is located in Tarahan Village has considerable potential because of its location which is not too far from the city center and has quite interesting natural scenery. This research was conducted in December 2020 to determine the suitability index for coastal tourism using the Tourism Suitability Index. Determining the Tourism Suitability Index is done by taking field data such as depth, current velocity, water clarity, marine biota, and type of beach. The results of this study stated that this Sebalang beach received a Tourism Conformity Index of 81% and received the appropriate predicate for the category of swimming tourism.

Kulim (Scorodocarpus borneensis Becc.) is one of Indonesian wood species with high economic value. Kulim wood is widely used for house construction, bridges and shipbuilding, while its fruit is used for cooking for its garlicy fragrance. Unfortunately, this species is currently rare in the wild due to habitat disturbance. Re-planting efforts require good quality seeds which can be collected from designated seed sources. The aim of this study was to identify the potential of Kulim stand in the arboretum of PT. Arara Abadi, Riau which covers 26.2 ha. Data collected from the site include tree height, diameter, geographic position as well as stand conditions. Total of 152 individual trees (121 trees, 23 poles, 5 saplings and 2 seedlings) were found in the area of study. The area is accessible, relatively safe from interference and well managed. The quality of the stands is quite good with no significant attack from pests or diseases. Fruits, seedlings and saplings were also found in the forest floor. The stand is therefore appropriate to be designated as Identified Seed Stand of Kulim based on the criteria of regulation concerning implementation of forest seeds. This stand can also be reserved as an insitu conservation area of Kulim.

Most fishermen used inappropriate methods to sustain their livelihoods, severely destroying fishery resources. Furthermore, a lack of environmental protection and pollution prevention lead the best coastal and estuarial nurseries to become unhabitable. Several studies have pointed out that fish stocks in coastal waters could be no longer sufficient for the increasing fishing activity and consumption requests. Based on the 1950-2006 global statistics conducted by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2012).Artificial reefs are most often constructed to increase the efficiency of fishery resource harvest (Seaman and Sprague, 1991). In engineering practice, the stability of artificial reefs is an important issue in preventing the failure of reef units due to wave and current actions. Some of the artificial reefs have also been designed to serve as low-crested coastal protection structures (e.g. Dalrymple et al., 1991a; Ranasinghe et al., 2006). One particular advantage of these artificial reefs over the conventional submerged breakwaters is the fact that they are multipurpose units and can be achieved with more cost-effective materials and environmentally friendly construction processes (Harris, 1995; Buccino et al., 2013). Artificial reef model keep looking for modification to get compatibility and efiiciency as submerged breakwater because the feasibility of artificial reefs for coastal protection is typically evaluated based on the percentage of surface wave height reductionWave transformation analysis in artificial reef do with consideration from some non dimensional variables. Wave transmission process defined with ratio betwwen transmission wave height and incoming wave heightThis research compares 5 types of Artificial reef in numeric model. There are hexareef, bottle reef, star reef, seadome and cube reef. They are tested with Indonesian wave steepness which has value between 0,0013 and 0,012.

Canti pier is located in Southern Lampung and faces the Sunda strait water areas. Locals use this pier sailing to Sebesi island, and tourists need it as the closest starting point from the mainland to explore Krakatoa’s natural reserve. As a volcano tsunami occurred last December of 2018, Canti was one of the affected locations. Previous study shows measured wave height of 3-7 m in Way Muli and Kahai beach, located around 10 km from Canti. Field observation clearly shows the damaged concrete structure of the T-shaped Canti pier’s end tip due to the tsunami. This research focuses on analyzing the reliability of the north and south revetments of the Canti pier that still exists using statistic and probability methods. Van der Meer’s rock stability formula is adopted as the basis of determining the Limit State Function (LSF). For the reliability method, the FORM (First Order Reliability Method) is applied and produces the probability of failure of the revetment’s system during particular designed service times. The result shows that the northern revetment is relatively more robust than the southern revetment as its probability of failure is slightly lower. The expected failure probabilities are acceptable during regular operation for both revetments (less than 15%). If there is a stormy condition, the chance of collapse south revetment is relatively higher. One could also foresee the total collapse of revetments if tsunami waves attack. This condition also describes the 2018 tsunami wave height in Canti is much lower than in Way Muli since this area is sheltered by some islands, such as Sebuku and Sebesi. To conclude, considering the normal wave condition, the revetment’s structures are still reliable. However, if extreme waves occur, the revetments’ reliability is noticeably low or even unreliable (tsunami waves).