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Background: The present study was conducted to assess quality of root canal (RC) filling before and after RC re-treatment. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and thirty-eight radiographs of failed endodontic treatment were assessed. The periapical status of the endodontic treatment was evaluated with periapical index (PAI) scoring system. PAI <3 showed absence and PAI >3 showed presence of periapical lesion. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in scores 1 and 3 and decrease in scores 2, 4, 5, and 6 after treatment ( P < 0.05). PAI score >3 was seen in 37% before which decreased to 16% after endodontic retreatment. 34.6% obturation was homogenous and 65.4% was nonhomogenous before endodontic retreatment. After endodontic retreatment, 95.2% became homogenous and 4.8% nonhomogenous. The reason for endodontic failure was furcation in 2%, iatrogenic causes in 3%, loss of coronal seal in 16%, periapical pathology in 25%, and inadequate root filling in 54%. Conclusion: There was significant improvement and decrease in size of periapical lesions in re-endodontic cases as compared to primary RC treated teeth.

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Background: Failure to maintain an appointment at a university dental clinic impairs students' learning by occupying health resources that could be used by other patients, thereby impairing the quality of healthcare services.