The increase in global energy consumption and the related ecological problems have generated a constant demand for alternative energy sources superior to traditional ones. This is why unlimited photon-energy harnessing is important. A notable focus to address this concern is on advancing and producing cost-effective low-loss solar cells. For efficient light energy capture and conversion, we fabricated a ZnPC:PC70BM-based dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and estimated its performance using a solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D). We evaluated the output parameters of the ZnPC:PC70BM-based DSSC with different photoactive layer thicknesses, series and shunt resistances, and back-metal work function. Our analyses show that moderate thickness, minimum series resistance, high shunt resistance, and high metal-work function are favorable for better device performance due to low recombination losses, electrical losses, and better transport of charge carriers. In addition, in-depth research for clarifying the impact of factors, such as thickness variation, defect density, and doping density of charge transport layers, has been conducted. The best efficiency value found was 10.30% after tweaking the parameters. It also provides a realistic strategy for efficiently utilizing DSSC cells by altering features that are highly dependent on DSSC performance and output.

This research study utilises Essential Macleod software to optimize beam splitter for efficient hybrid photovoltaic application. The spectral splitting was carried out by alternating multilayer coating designs having Na3AlF6 as low index material, Y2O3 as middle index material and TiO2 as high index material. The wavelength range of optimized design was selected from 400 nm to 1000 nm with reference wavelength 510 nm at an incident angle of 45. The beam splitter model comprises 56 alternating layers based on the formula [LMHM]14. The Optimac refinement approach is used to enhance the modelled structure. Different built-in analysis techniques in the essential Macleod package are also used to analyze our design, like density, total absorptance and admittance diagram. It is concluded that the modelled beam splitter transmits about 90% light in the visible spectrum range and reflects 90% light in the infrared region, which is very useful for an application like solar cells and the thermoelectric generator.

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