Norway is the largest sheep meat producer among Nordic countries with more than 1.3 million lambs and sheep slaughtered in 2017. The sheep industry is limited by the need for in-house feeding during the winter months. In summer, Norwegian sheep are mainly kept on rangeland pastures, with sufficient feed for almost double the current sheep population. Lambs are slaughtered over a three-to four-month period from September to December with a peak in September-October, providing a surplus of lamb, much of which is subsequently frozen, followed by eight months during which fresh produce is in limited supply. Norwegian consumers eat an average of 5.4 kg of sheep meat per person per year, much of which is purchased as a frozen product. The Muslim (4.2% of the population) preference for year-round halal meat, with an increased demand on the eve of the Muslim meat festival (Eid al-Adha), has the potential to boost demand, particularly in Oslo. This paper provides an overview of the Norwegian sheep farming system, the current market value chains, and the potential to meet the demand for halal meat in Norway (specifically during the Muslim meat festival-Eid al-Adha) to the advantage of both consumers and sheep farmers.

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Rubia cordifolia, commonly known as Indian Madder, is a highly valuable and well-known medicinal plant that belongs to the coffee family, Rubiaceae (Chandrashekar et al., 2018). The root extract of R. cordifolia has a potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral and free radical scavenging activity owing to a range of bioactive metabolites (Chandrashekar et al., 2018;Martelli & Giacomini, 2018).Recently, R. cordifolia mediated nanoparticles were developed by Ahn et al. (2019) who observed antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of the developed silver nanoparticles. However, no study has explored the potential of R. cordifolia as an active ingredient for edible and biodegradable films for food applications. Being a rich source of polyphenols, flavonoids, and free radical scavengers (Chandrashekar et al., 2018;Martelli & Giacomini, 2018), its use as a bioactive ingredient in food packaging is highly justifiable.

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