This article aims to examine the lens of the 'Unrecognized Statehood' concept in the case of Taiwan's legitimacy as a sovereign state. The study found: (1) the dualism of government determined by the competition of the number of people in favor, (2) China's victory in the civil war between the PRC and the ROC that resulted in effective geographical control of the territory in Beijing government, and (3) the recognition of international countries to the Beijing government as a de jure and de facto representation of "China" by 15 countries alone that recognize the Taipei government. It argues that Taiwan categorised as an "unrecognised state" has successfully created their "own" characteristic of sovereignty even with a small number of foreign state recognition. This research uses qualitative-explanatory methods to answer how the concept of unrecognised statehood is interpreted based on the case of China-Taiwan dispute. It analyses existing secondary data with case studies. The research concluded that the national character by Taiwan's government in the international arena is politically identified as a tangible defiance of China's established sovereignty.

The outbreak of Covid-19 has put serious pressure on the management of international tourism problems and Indonesia, being a tourist attraction, is not an exception. In this wake, the main purpose of this study was to analyze the dilemma of Indonesia’s health policy in maintaining the stream of tourism visitors as well as containing the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic. Qualitative research methods were used in this research. Data collection was conducted through constitutional legislations, press releases from the Indonesian Covid-19 special task force and observations gathered from numerous public facilities which are mostly used by travellers such as airport, train and bus station. This research reveals that that the policy prioritizing to the safety of economic growth and tourism in the global pandemic context is inclined to be more contra-productive to the management of containing contagion. It was also found that the implementation of health protocols and restrictions on social activities is also claimed to be the most and efficient way to contain the contagion.

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Paradiplomacy as an instrument of local governments to develop international cooperation in the era of industrial revolution 4.0 requires some thoughts and policies relevant to information technology. Website constitutes an important platform for local governments to exercise their Paradiplomacy as a regional practice of conducting international relations. The website becomes a world window for local governments to communicate and cooperate with local government partners and institutions abroad. This article conducts an evaluation study towards local government websites in Indonesia related to the readiness to face the industrial revolution 4.0 in the issue of international cooperation through digital diplomacy means. The preferred research method is to analyze the content of website structure of the Indonesian local government, be it from front-line, content, and/or backline. This article found that the platform of Indonesian local government websites is fairly fragile in the institutionalization of paradiplomacy using website as the instrument. Comprehensive policies from the central and local governments eventually become indispensable in order to make the practice of digital diplomacy by local governments in Indonesia more productive.Keywords: Paradiplomacy, Digital Diplomacy, e-GovernmentParadiplomasi sebagai instrumen pemerintah daerah untuk mengembangkan kerja sama internasional di era revolusi industri 4.0 memerlukan beberapa pemikiran dan kebijakan yang relevan dengan teknologi informasi. Website merupakan platform penting bagi pemerintah daerah untuk melaksanakan Paradiplomasi mereka sebagai praktik regional dalam melakukan hubungan internasional. Website menjadi jendela dunia bagi pemerintah daerah untuk berkomunikasi dan bekerja sama dengan mitra dan lembaga pemerintah daerah di luar negeri. Artikel ini melakukan kajian evaluasi terhadap website pemerintah daerah di Indonesia terkait kesiapan menghadapi revolusi industri 4.0 dalam isu kerja sama internasional melalui sarana diplomasi digital. Metode penelitian yang dipilih adalah dengan menganalisis isi dari struktur website pemerintah daerah Indonesia, baik dari front-line, content, dan/atau backline. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa platform website pemerintah daerah Indonesia cukup rapuh dalam pelembagaan paradiplomasi dengan menggunakan website sebagai instrumennya. Kebijakan yang komprehensif dari pemerintah pusat dan daerah pada akhirnya menjadi sangat diperlukan agar praktik diplomasi digital oleh pemerintah daerah di Indonesia semakin produktif.Kata-kata kunci: Paradiplomasi, Diplomasi Digital, e-Government