Flying ad-hoc networks (FANETs) are a very vibrant research area nowadays. They have many military and civil applications. Limited battery energy and the high mobility of micro unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) represent their two main problems, i.e., short flight time and inefficient routing. In this paper, we try to address both of these problems by means of efficient clustering. First, we adjust the transmission power of the UAVs by anticipating their operational requirements. Optimal transmission range will have minimum packet loss ratio (PLR) and better link quality, which ultimately save the energy consumed during communication. Second, we use a variant of the K-Means Density clustering algorithm for selection of cluster heads. Optimal cluster heads enhance the cluster lifetime and reduce the routing overhead. The proposed model outperforms the state of the art artificial intelligence techniques such as Ant Colony Optimization-based clustering algorithm and Grey Wolf Optimization-based clustering algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated in term of number of clusters, cluster building time, cluster lifetime and energy consumption.

As compared to conservative management (as a result of failed intervention), successful PCI recanalization of a CTO appears to be associated with improved long-term clinical outcomes; however, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to further confirm these results.

. Validation of the wall motion score and myocardial performance indexes as novel techniques to assess cardiac function in mice after myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 292: H1187-H1192, 2007. First published October 20, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00895.2006.-The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and accuracy of wall motion score index (WMSI) and myocardial performance index (MPI) for measuring regional and global left ventricular (LV) function with use of high-resolution echocardiography after myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. In 48 mice, myocardial infarction was induced by ligation in the middle of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Echocardiography was performed under anesthesia at baseline and 1 mo after MI. WMSI was analyzed by a 16-segment model on short-axis views, and wall motion was scored as 1 for normal, 2 for hypokinetic, 3 for akinetic, 4 for dyskinetic, and 5 for aneurysmal. WMSI was calculated as the sum of scores divided by the total number of segments. MPI was calculated on the basis of isovolumetric contraction time (IVCT), isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT), and ejection time (ET): MPI ϭ (IVCT ϩ IVRT)/ET. We measured LV ejection fraction (LVEF), end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes (ESV and EDV), fractional shortening (FS), and infarct size (IS). LVEF at 4 wk after MI was reduced at 32.8 Ϯ 9.0%. Linear correlation analyses showed that WMSI (1.6 Ϯ 0.3) correlated with LVEF (r ϭ Ϫ0.84, P Ͻ 0.0005), FS (r ϭ Ϫ0.43, P ϭ 0.003), and IS (34.3 Ϯ 15.3%, r ϭ 0.86, P Ͻ 0.0005). MPI (0.67 Ϯ 0.09) correlated with LVEF (r ϭ Ϫ0.67, P Ͻ 0.0005) and IS (r ϭ 0.72, P Ͻ 0.0005). MPI also correlated with mitral inflow velocity (r ϭ Ϫ0.68, P Ͻ 0.0005) and deceleration time (r ϭ Ϫ0.42, P ϭ 0.003). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that WMSI was independently associated with IS. IS, FS, mitral inflow velocity, and deceleration time were independent determinants of MPI. In conclusion, echocardiographic assessments of WMSI and MPI in mice are feasible and correlate strongly with two-dimensional measurement of LV function and IS. These novel parameters provide additional noninvasive assessment of regional and global LV function in mice after MI. experimental myocardial infarction; echocardiography; infarct size EXPERIMENTAL MODELS of myocardial infarction (MI) in mice are increasingly important for testing novel therapies for tissue repair, such as gene transfer and stem cell delivery, because of the availability of genetically marked and functionally transgenic strains commonly used in the study of the cardiovascular system. Researchers have applied echocardiographic assessment of global left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF), fractional shortening (FS), LV dimensions, and mass to assess the process of remodeling after surgically induced infarction in murine models (1,8,14). Although the wall motion score index (WMSI) (16, 17), based on a 16-segment model, and the myocardial performance index (MPI) (6, 22) have been validated in humans after MI, these i...

No abstract