Background Professional identity formation (PIF) has been recognized as an integral part of professional development in medical education. PIF is dynamic: it occurs longitudinally and requires immersion in the socialization process. Consequently, in the medical education context, it is vital to foster a nurturing learning environment that facilitates PIF. Aim This study assesses PIF among medical students in various stages of study and explores their perceptions of PIF, with its contributing and inhibiting factors. Method This mixed-methods study uses a sequential explanatory approach with undergraduate (years 2, 4, and 6) and postgraduate medical students in Indonesia. We examine the subjects by administering an adapted questionnaire on PIF. We completed a series of FGDs following questionnaire administration. Quantitative and thematic analyses were conducted sequentially. Results & Discussion A total of 433 respondents completed the questionnaire. There were statistically significant differences among subjects on the subscales “Recognition and internalization of professional roles” and “Self-control in professional behavior”; the more senior students had higher scores. We conducted 6 FGDs in total. The results characterize PIF as a complex, dynamic, and longitudinal journey to becoming a medical doctor that is closely related to a student’s motivation. The FGDs also highlight the importance of both internal factors (students’ values, attributes, and personal circumstances) and external factors (curriculum, the learning environment, workplace-based learning, and external expectations) for PIF in medical education. Conclusion Higher-level students show higher scores in some aspects of PIF, which further validates the potential use of the questionnaire to monitor PIF, a dynamic process influenced by internal and external factors. Generating awareness among medical students and encouraging reflection on their PIF stage may be crucial for PIF processes.

<p>Purpose: The research was conducted to determine the risk of mortality in underweight Alzheimer's disease patients and to consider nutritional maintenance as an important management approach in Alzheimer’s patients. Methods: This review used publications found in Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect. The keywords were “((Alzheimer's Diseased) AND (Underweight) AND (Mortality))”. Meta-analysis review with Revman 5 software calculated the average relative risk from all selected cohort studies. Result: The process identify 230 articles, only three studies with 1423 patients were included. The meta-analysis result showed that based on their BMI status, underweight patients have a higher risk of mortality than normal weight patients. (RR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.32-2.06). Conclusion: Underweight nutritional status in Alzheimer's patients increases the risk of mortality compared to the individuals with normal nutritional status.</p><p>Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan risiko kematian pasien penyakit Alzheimer yang memiliki berat badan kurang dan mempertimbangkan pemeliharaan nutrisi sebagai bagian dari pendekatan tata laksana pasien Alzheimer. Metode: Tinjauan dalam publikasi ini diambil dari Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane, dan ScienceDirect. Kata kunci yang digunakan ialah “((Alzheimer Diseased) AND (Underweight) AND (Mortality))”. Tinjauan meta-analisis menggunakan perangkat lunak Revman 5 menghitung rata-rata risiko relatif dari semua studi kohort yang dipilih. Hasil: Dari 230 artikel yang berhasil diidentifikasi, 3 studi dengan 1423 pasien dimasukkan dalam studi. Hasil meta-analisis menunjukkan berdasarkan status Indeks Massa Tubuh, bahwa pasien dengan berat badan kurang memiliki risiko mortalitas lebih tinggi daripada pasien dengan berat badan normal (RR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.32-2.06). Simpulan: Kondisi nutrisi dengan berat badan kurang pada pasien Alzheimer meningkatkan risiko mortalitas dibandingkan dengan individu yang memiliki berat badan normal.</p>

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the factors causing the high maternal mortality rate. The risk of morbidity and mortality is higher in Early Onset Preeclampsia (EOPE). Failure of spiral artery remodeling can cause oxidative stress that can inhibit placental development and increase trophoblast apoptosis. Objective: This study aims to analyze the oxidative stress and apoptosis of EOPE placentas. Methods: This study is an observational study with a cross-sectional design. A total of 31 EOPE placentas and 31 normal term placentas were used to measure the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the relative mRNA expression of FOXO3 and CASP3 using the spectrophotometric and RT-qPCR methods. Results: There was no difference in MDA concentration (p = 0.580) and FOXO3 (p = 0.467) and CASP3 (p = 0.243) mRNA expression in the normal and EOPE groups. There was a strong positive correlation between FOXO3 and CASP3 mRNA expression in the normal (p= 0.0001; r = 0.938) and EOPE groups (p = 0.0001; r = 0.855). There was no correlation between MDA concentration to FOXO3 (p = 0.124; r = 0.282) and CASP3 (p = 0.569; r = 0.106) mRNA expression in normal placenta. There was positive correlation between MDA concentration to FOXO3 (p = 0.016; r = 0.429) and CASP3 mRNA expression in EOPE placenta (p = 0.028; r = 0.395). Conclusion: These results indicate that cell integrity is still maintained through the autophagy process and the level of apoptosis in the EOPE placenta is regulated by ROS through FOXO3.