Psammophis indochinensis Smith, 1943 was reported in the eastern Java and Bali of Indonesia despite its primary geographic range being in the Indochina region. We confirm its presence in Bali based on a newly collected specimen and provide morphological and genetic data. The specimen was found in a lowland, urban areas near open grassland habitat, which confirms the distribution of P. indochinensis along the northern coast of Bali. We note some character aberrations in the supralabials compared to Thailand specimens, suggesting an extended character. The basal clade position of P. indochinensis raises the possibility of an intercontinental dispersal scenario of this African-origin snake.

Avifauna inhabiting the mountainous forest ecosystem is severely threatened by anthropogenic disturbances, especially in the Java island of ­­Indonesia. Yet, efforts to monitor the avifauna diversity are lacking, including in one of the mountainous forest areas, Universitas Brawijaya Forest (UBF). In this study, information about diversity, community structure, feeding specialization, and conservation status of avifauna is presented. Observations were conducted from December 2019 to February 2020 on two designated tracks with different degree of disturbances. Data were analyzed based on their conservation status, local distribution, feeding specialization (Jaccard similarity index), species richness, total abundance, species diversity (Shannon-Wiener diversity index), and importance value index (IVI). A total of 51 species from 27 families were identified. Two species at risk (one Near Threatened and one Endangered) and 9 protected avifauna were noted. This study can be used as the baseline data for future conservation management in the UBF.

In Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTSNP), buffer zone areas, one of which is the Lesti upstream rivers, play a critical role in sustaining biodiversity and community life. Frogs serve as a bioindicator of environmental change, particularly in the upstream rivers of the Lesti. The present study examines the diversity and community structure of Anura in the upstream rivers of Lesti, which are included in the BTSNP buffer zones. Throughout the surveys, up to 14 anuran species were encountered in four sites adjacent to the BTSNP border and crossed by the Lesti rivers. This study suggests that buffer zones may support herpetofaunal diversity by allowing humans to interact with them and sustainably utilize the resources in the areas. Urban development and conservation in these areas must be kept current in order to minimize environmental disruption caused by humans

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