Karies gigi merupakan masalah utama yang paling banyak dijumpai di rongga mulut. Penyakit ini dapat menyerang seluruh lapisan masyarakat dari berbagai kelompok usia dan ekonomi. Salah satu sebab terjadinya karies gigi adanya interaksi dengan mikroorganisme Streptococcus mutans. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri senyawa kimia ekstrak bunga cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) terhadap bakteri S. mutans. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode true experimental dengan posttest only with control group design. Sampel yang digunakan adalah bunga cengkeh. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol dan selanjutnya dilakukan vacum evaporator diperoleh bobot ekstrak sebanyak 33,1%. Hasil identifikasi senyawa kimia secara kualitatif ekstrak bunga cengkeh mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, dan fenolik. Aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar dengan mengukur zona bening yang terbentuk. Hasil uji konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) diperoleh konsentrasi 25% memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang baik. Selanjutnya pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dengan melihat zona diameter hambat, diperoleh sebesar 37 mm, dan amfisilin sebesar 28 mm. Ekstrak bunga cengkeh memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ampisilin.
One of the problems frequently found in the oral cavity is dental caries caused by Streptococcus mutans. Thus far, dental caries is treated using antibiotics. However, the bacterium is known to be resistant to many antibiotics; hence, another alternative is needed. An alternative option is found in the Kasturi mango (Mangifera casturi). This study aims to identify the bioactive compounds of Kasturi mango and find out the mechanism of its action in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Kasturi mangoes were macerated using 96% methanol, then the phytochemical compounds were identified qualitatively. Antibacterial activity testing was carried out using the agar diffusion method, and bioactive compounds were identified using GCMS. The results showed that the methanol extract of Kasturi mango contains alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and saponins. In 1 gr/mL of the methanol extract of Kasturi mango fruit has an inhibitory activity against the growth of Streptococcus mutans with a zone of inhibition of ± 10 mm and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) value of 25% extract. The inhibitory action is suspected to be through a mechanism where holes in the bacterial cell membrane are made. This can be seen from the results of SEM (scanning electron microscope) images showing that cell leakage or lysis has occurred. This research also, for the first time, revealed the types of bioactive compounds from the methanol extracts of Kasturi mango (Mangifera casturi) consisting of 18 compounds with the most abundance is 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural compounds, Octadecenoic acid, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Phenyl 4-methyl-1-piperidine carboxylate, and Methyl linolenate.
Synthesis of glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan (chitosan-GA) has been done and characterized by using FTIR and TGA. Adsorption of Fe(III) ion by glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan (chitosan-GA) has been studied by using batch method. The objectives of this research are to know optimum adsorption condition of Fe(III) ion by chitosan-GA, then study influence of Cu(II) ion to adsorption of Fe(III) ion and its application to vetiver oil. Optimum conditions are finding out by response surface Box Behnken method. Percent adsorption value of Fe(III) ion by Chitosan-GA (DD = 78%) is about 91,8439% in optimum conditions : weight adsorbent 0,75 gram, temperature 25 o C, time contact 360 minutes. Percent adsorption of Fe(III) ion was decreased from 91,9521% to 79,724% because the existence of Cu(II) ion. The color of vetiver oil was changed from dark to reddish brown.
Pandemi Covid-19 berdampak pada dunia pendidikan. Adanya wabah virus corona ini menghambat kegiatan belajar mengajar yang biasanya berlangsung secara tatap muka dan mengharuskan proses pembelajaran harus dari rumah atau School from Home (SFH). Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui motivasi Pembelajaran Selama Pandemi Covid-19. Adapun metode yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan pendekatan Kuantitatif, dimana jumlah sampel 41 orang mahasiswa yang ada di Universitas Muhammadiyah Sorong. selain itu, Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan aplikasi google form dan dianalisis menggunakan Microsoft excel, adapun jenis surveinya menggunakan skala likert. Hasil penelitian ini mengemukakan bahwa implementasi pembelajaran daring dapat memberikan dampak dalam peningkatan pemahaman mahasiswa selama pelaksanaan pembelajaran meliputi beberapa aspek yakni perhatian, pemahaman, kemampuan dan motivasi berada pada kategori cukup dan baik dalam menerima materi yang disampaikan. Oleh karena itu, pembelajaran daring dapat memberikan nuansa pembelajaran tersendiri yang dapat berdampak pada peningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman mahasiswa selama pembelajaran.
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