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Broomrape (Orobanche cernua L.) is an obligate root parasitic weed that significantly reduces the qualitative and yield attributes of tomatoes globally. The efficient management of broomrape is challenging because of its complicated parasitic nature. Field trials were conducted to assess the influence of various irrigation scheduling and weed control strategies on broomrape, weed presence, and tomato productivity. The experiment was conducted with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a split-plot arrangement and was replicated three times. Three irrigation intervals (3, 6, and 9 days) were assigned to the main block, while sub-blocks including treatments and year were taken as the source of variance (year × irrigation timing × treatments). The experiment comprised sixteen treatments, including transparent polythene, black polythene, weedy check (Control), sole weeding of broomrape only, weeding of all weeds, weeding except broomrape, humic acid 25 kg ha−1+ copper oxychloride in single and split doses, copper oxychloride (1.5 kg a.i ha−1 in single and split doses), ammonium sulphate 200 kg ha−1 in single and split doses, copper sulfate (2 kg ha−1 in single/split doses), and glyphosate 48 SL (1.5 kg a.i ha−1) and pendimethalin 33 EC (1.44 kg a.i ha−1). The results revealed that among the various irrigation intervals, the highest broomrape intensity (4.34 plant−1) was observed with a9-day irrigation interval. Similarly, the highest weed density (35 m−2) resulted in a3-day irrigation interval. Furthermore, irrigation at a 6-day interval increased the plant height by 11%, fruit yield tons ha−1 by 24.9 %, and produced the highest cost/benefit ratio (CBR) of (1:4). Black polythene, transparent polythene, and pendimethalin reduced the weed density by 92%, 89%, and 84%;weed dry biomass by 97%, 95%, and 91%; and broomrape intensity by 67%, 77%, and 28%. Conversely, the plant height increased by 24%, 23%, and 23.6%; and fruit yield by 286%, 270%, and 191%; and had the highest CBR of 1:5, 1:4, and 1:4, respectively, as compared to the weedy check. Consequently, an increase in irrigation frequency increases other weed densities and decreases the broomrape intensity plant−1 of tomato. Therefore, black polythene could be recommended in a severely broomrape-infested field. Moreover, irrigation at 6-day intervals combined with pendimethalin and ammonium sulfate fertilizers revealed the lowest incidence of broomrape and other weeds and produced an economic yield.

Phosphorus is that element of periodic table, which is extensively found in nature and along with Nitrogen (N) and potassium represents the overall composition of plants and animal life. Phosphorus performed different metabolic activities in plants and is one of the key elements for the maturation of plants and boosting up the larger quantities. As it has a vital role in the metabolism and energy production reaction and can survive the unfavorable environmental effects so cause increase in yield. A research review was carried out on the effectiveness of P fertilizers on wheat crop in Pakistan. Almost all of the researchers in all areas indicated that P fertilizers significantly improved the growth as well as yield parameters of wheat crop. But the optimum rate of P fertilizer at which highest yield recorded was different for each area, soil and environmental condition. Although these findings on P fertilization representing many capable results regarding to yield and yield components of wheat but still further research is strongly recommended to evaluate the dynamics of P in soil as well as the interaction effect of P with other micro and macro nutrients.

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Fertilization of Mung bean (Vigna radiataL) is one of the most crucial management technique which effects crop growth and yield. Therefore the present study was carried out at Agricultural Research Station Kohat under rain fed conditions during spring 2017, to assess the response of mung bean (Vigna radiateL.) to three levels of iron (0, 2 and 5 kg ha-1) and three levels of zinc (0, 5 and 10 kg ha-1). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete design with split plot arrangement and replicated three times. The results revealed that application of Fe at the rate 5 kg ha-1and Zn at the rate 10 kg ha-1significantly increased biological yield, grain yield, straw yield, nodule numbers and weight by 5624 kg ha-1, 968 kg ha-1, 4655 kg ha-1, 35 and 0.67g respectively whereas the interaction was found non- significant. The nitrogen content in grains and straw was also significantly increased by 2.22% and 3.56% respectively with application of Fe at 5 kg ha-1and Zn at 10 kg ha-1, however their interaction was also found non-significant. Similarly the plant nitrogen uptake was also significantly increased by 323.33 kg ha-1with application of Fe at 5 kg ha-1and Zn at 10 kg ha-1.It was concluded that Fe and Zn enhanced mung bean productivity.