Brassica oilseed crops are grown all over the world, but the aphids of cabbage, Brevicoryne brassicae L. and Turnip aphid Lipaphis erysimi Kalt, cause mischief to the crops everywhere in the world. A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Farm Area of Airport Campus of Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan during mid-November 2019 to test eco-friendly management methods for mustard aphids. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications and five treatments in 2 m ×2.7 m size plots. Seeds of the Khanpur Raya variety were sown in mid-November 2019. The treatments included (i) Neem leaf extract, (ii) Dimethoate, (iii) Lemongrass oil, (iv) Mustard Cake, and (v) Control (untreated). The overall results of the experiment showed that after the second spray, the aphids became immune to synthetic pesticides. However, bio-pesticides had some control over the aphids, with Lemongrass oil producing the best results, achieving almost 80 percent control, followed by about 72 percent control with neem extract and almost 67 percent control with mustard cake. This suggests that Lemongrass oil can be used to control aphids on mustard plants and, since it is a bio-pesticide, it has many biological benefits. Therefore, it can be concluded that using botanical products for managing mustard aphids can be an effective and eco-friendly approach

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of fodder Sorghum as poultry feed in terms of growth performance (plant height and fresh weight), nutritional quality (moisture, ash, crude protein, extract ether, crude fiber, extract material without nitrogen, and metabolic energy), and scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). Materials and Methods: The study used a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of planting times of 24, 48, 72, 120, and 240 h and a control (0 h). Results: The results showed that there was a significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) when planting Sorghum fodder (SGF) on growth performance and moisture, but it had no significant effect on fresh weight, ash, crude protein, extract ether, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extract, energy metabolic aspects, and SEM-EDX. Conclusion: SGF is suitable as a feed ingredient for poultry in terms of nutrition and contains ZrO2, which functions as an antifungal.

During the haj pilgrimage, pilgrims getting lost is a problem that often arises. This research created a system that can assist the team leader in monitoring the congregation haji from his entourage. In this system, the team leader and the congregation both have the same equipment using the HC-12 module for radio communication to detect pilgrims leaving the group andArduino Uno and ATmega8 microcontrollers for identification of the congregation. From the results of changing the transmission power and baud rate, the closest measured distance is 1.7 meters and the farthest is 51.1 meters. Each additional power increase of -3 dBm is the same as increasing the power in mW units by 100% and increasing the range by ± 54%. The baud rate of 9600 has a receiver sensitivity of -112 dBm and a baud rate of 2400 has a receiver sensitivity of -117 dBm which increases the distance by ± 54.5%. The less sensitive the receiver can receive the signal strength from a longer range. In the radiation pattern, the team leader device has the widest coverage on the left side or at an angle of 315 degrees to 360 degrees