Periodontitis kronis menyebabkan perbedaan kadar ion kalium dan natrium pada saliva karena terjadinya perpindahan ion-ion tersebut dari cairan intraseluler dan ekstraseluler sel dan jaringan yang mengalami peradangan menuju saliva. Tujuan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar kalium dan natrium pada saliva pasien periodontitis kronis dan pasien tanpa periodontitis kronis. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif analitik, subjek penelitian sebanyak 30 pasien, terdiri dari 15 pasien periodontitis kronis dan 15 pasien tanpa periodontitis kronis. Pengukuran poket periodontal dan pengambilan saliva menggunakan spitting method serta pengukuran kadar kalium dan natrium saliva dalam satuan mmol/L menggunakan spektrofotometer AAS. Data diuji secara statistik menggunakan uji t independent sample test. Hasil: rata-rata kadar kalium dan natrium pada pasien periodontitis kronis (18,22 mmol/L dan 9,92 mmol/L), sedangkan pada pasien tanpa periodontitis kronis (16,54 mmol/L dan 6,95 mmol/L). Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan kadar kalium saliva pasien periodontitis kronis dan pasien tanpa periodontitis kronis (p=0,351), dan terdapat perbedaan signifikan kadar natrium pada saliva pasien periodontitis kronis dan pasien tanpa periodontitis kronis (p=0,004). Simpulan: Kadar natrium pada saliva pasien periodontitis kronis lebih tinggi dibandingkan pasien tanpa periodontitis. Kata kunci: Kalium, natrium, periodontitis kronis, saliva Differences in potassium and sodium levels in the saliva of patients with and without chronic periodontitis

This study aims to analyze the effect of desensitizing agents on the shear bond strength (SBS) of ceramic brackets after in-office bleaching procedures. Twenty-seven extracted premolars were equally divided into three groups (n = 9). Group 1 served as the control; bleaching was performed with 37% hydrogen peroxide. In group 2, bleaching and the application of a fluoride-containing desensitizing agent (CPP-ACFP) were performed. In group 3, bleaching and the application of a non-fluoride-containing desensitizing agent (CPP-ACP) were performed. Ceramic brackets were bonded with composite resin. SBS was tested using a universal testing machine. The site of bonding failure was measured using the adhesive remnant index (ARI) score. There was a statistically significant difference in mean SBS values (p < 0.05). Group 1 showed the lowest SBS value (6.32 ± 4.83 MPa), which differed significantly with groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between group 2 (15.36 ± 4.67 MPa) and group 3 (12.19 ± 6.81 MPa) (p > 0.05). The ARI score did not show a significant difference. The conclusion is that the application of fluoride-containing and non-fluoride desensitizing agents increases the shear bond strength of ceramic brackets on bleached teeth with composite resin cementation. The application of both desensitizing agents had no impact on the results of the ARI score, with the highest ARI score in each group being 4, indicating that less than 10% of the adhesive substance remains on the enamel.