Autologous bone grafting remains the gold standard for almost all bone void‐filling orthopedic surgery. However, autologous bone grafting has several limitations, thus scientists are trying to identify an ideal synthetic material as an alternative bone graft substitute. Magnesium‐doped biphasic calcium phosphate (Mg‐BCP) has recently been in the spotlight and is considered to be a potential bone substitute. The Mg‐BCP is a mixture of two bioceramics, that is, hydroxyapatite (HA) and β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP), doped with Mg2+, and can be synthesized through chemical wet‐precipitation, sol–gel, single diffusion gel, and solid state reactions. Regardless of the synthesis routes, it is found that the Mg2+ preferentially accommodates in β‐TCP lattice instead of the HA lattice. The addition of Mg2+ to BCP leads to desirable physicochemical properties and is found to enhance the apatite‐forming ability as compared to pristine BCP. In vitro results suggest that the Mg‐BCP is bioactive and not toxic to cells. Implantation of Mg‐BCP in in vivo models further affirmed its biocompatibility and efficacy as a bone substitute. However, like the other bioceramics, the optimum physicochemical properties of the Mg‐BCP scaffold have yet to be determined. Further investigations are required regarding Mg‐BCP applications in bone tissue engineering.

No abstract

Biphasic Calcium Phosphate (BCP) is a ceramic material that consisting of two phases which is Hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-Tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP). In this work, BCP and Mg-BCP (Mg Doped) was synthesized using aqueous precipitation method at standard room temperature and pressure. The synthesized powder was pressed into pellet and sintered at three consecutive temperatures of 800 °C, 900 °C, and 1000 °C. The sintered pellet was characterized using XRD to obtained the quantification analysis on phases presence and to study the crystal orientation of HA and β-TCP before and after Mg doping was introduced. FTIR was used to determine chemical constituents of synthesized powders. Diameter shrinkage analysis was performed to study the effect of temperatures on the densification of the pellet body and SEM was used to observed the morphology of each pellet. Based on the XRD result, the Mg doping is affecting the stability of the phases presence and the crystal lattice creating a distortion due to the substitution of smaller Mg ion. Analysis on the SEM morphology have shown that Mg doped BCP resulting a dense structure with less formation of porosity, necking was formed clearly at temperatures of 900 °C to 1000 °C.