Tjerita Nyi Paina is one of the works published before the Balai Pustaka era. This work is interesting to discuss using orientalism because it illustrates the colonial era so that the nuances of colonialism are still very much felt and illustrate the discourse of East produced by the West and how the authors as Chinese descendants who occupy the second class describe the discourse on East and West. After being analyzed, Tjerita Nji Paina portrays that the West is higher than the East much of the story of Nji Paina, although eventually the Toean Briot hegemony was broken down through Nji Paina's resistance. Nji Paina's actions that seemed unreasonable to the West were what the West feared, so they then formed a discourse about the East to create hegemony. In addition, domination also seems to occur because this short story is still set in the colonial period, although not too highlighted the tortures carried out by the colonialists. This may be due to the fact that those who wrote were Chinese and the Chinese community, when the racial segregation carried out by the colonizers; they occupied a higher position than the natives.

Lesson Study was firstly applied in Palopo City (Indonesia), and Universitas Cokroaminoto Palopo was the only institution, which is entrusted to develop it outside Makassar, as the learning process in 2013 until the present time. The models of cooperative and collaborative learning have indicated the positive thing in improving the material of English for Specific Purposes and reduce the impractical theory-based course, the activities of lesson study are generally run properly and it needs the well-managed scheduled to arrange all the necessary things in it from early to the last cycle of the lesson study. In short, the lesson study is improving the students’ cooperation, collaboration motivation, and initiative in learning ESP course. The sharing and discussion among the lecturers before and after the class is also revitalizing the spirit of traditional local wisdom and values, which is called tudang sipulung, it is clearly seen that the cooperation, collaborative, mutual respects spirit in lesson study is relevant to the local wisdom and supports the local values of tudang sipulung.

Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) menjelaskan pengaruh penggunaan Smartphone terhadap siswa Sekolah Dasar pada masa pandemi Covid-19 di Kecamatan Wara Kota Palopo, (2) mengetahui motivasi belajar siswa Sekolah Dasar pada masa pandemi Covid-19 di Kecamatan Wara Kota Palopo.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif menggunakan kuesioner.Jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 45 siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar yang diperoleh dengan teknik Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan angket langsung tertutup yang terdiri atas 24 item pernyataan variabel penggunaan Smartphone dan 24 item pernyataan variabelmotivasi belajar. Analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial yaitu uji regresi sederhana pada taraf siginfikan = 0,05 dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS versi 23. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh penggunaan Smartphone terhadap motivasi belajar siswa dengan nilai signifikansi 0,004 < 0,05. Hasil pengujian t-tabel kecil dari t-hitung, yaitu t-hitung = 3,026 ≥ (t-tab) = 1,771 dan hasil penelitian kali ini juga menunjukkan bahwa tingkat motivasi belajar siswa yang ada di Kecamatan Wara Kota Palopo berada pada tingkat tinggi dengan jumlah pesentase 28,9 %.