CMS is a general purpose experiment, designed to study the physics of pp collisions at 14 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It currently involves more than 2000 physicists from more than 150 institutes and 37 countries. The LHC will provide extraordinary opportunities for particle physics based on its unprecedented collision energy and luminosity when it begins operation in 2007.The principal aim of this report is to present the strategy of CMS to explore the rich physics programme offered by the LHC. This volume demonstrates the physics capability of the CMS experiment. The prime goals of CMS are to explore physics at the TeV scale and to study the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking-through the discovery of the Higgs particle or otherwise. To carry out this task, CMS must be prepared to search for new particles, such as the Higgs boson or supersymmetric partners of the Standard Model particles, from the start-up of the LHC since new physics at the TeV scale may manifest itself with modest data samples of the order of a few fb −1 or less. The analysis tools that have been developed are applied to study in great detail and with all the methodology of performing an analysis on CMS data specific benchmark processes upon which to gauge the performance of CMS. These processes cover several Higgs boson decay channels, the production and decay of new particles such as Z and supersymmetric particles, B s production and processes in heavy ion collisions. The simulation of these benchmark processes includes subtle effects such as possible detector miscalibration and misalignment. Besides these benchmark processes, the physics reach of CMS is studied for a large number of signatures arising in the Standard Model and also in theories beyond the Standard Model for integrated luminosities ranging from 1 fb −1 to 30 fb −1 . The Standard Model processes include QCD, B-physics, diffraction, detailed studies of the top quark properties, and electroweak physics topics such as the W and Z 0 boson properties. The production and decay of the Higgs particle is studied for many observable decays, and the precision with which the Higgs boson properties can be derived is determined. About ten different supersymmetry benchmark points are analysed using full simulation. The CMS discovery reach is evaluated in the SUSY parameter space covering a large variety of decay signatures.

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Fifty wheat varieties along with Jupateco-73 and Morocco were studied for the expression of leaf tip necrosis (LTN), a trait linked with the durable rust resistance gene pair Lr34/Yr18. LTN was frequent (i.e., C6) in nine replications of a field experiment over 3 years in 17 genotypes, and the varieties were considered positive for LTN. In molecular analyses of these varieties, having relative severity values up to 78 for yellow rust and 45 for leaf rust, the 150-bp Lr34/Yr18-linked allele was consistently amplified. Expression of LTN in six of nine replications is an appropriate threshold for predicting the presence of Lr34/Yr18 gene pair, and genotypes can be selected using this trait.

Oats are increasingly recognized as super food owing to the presence of multiple health promoting substances. Five indigenous oat cultivars S2000, PD2LV65, SGD2011, Avon and SGD81 were characterized physico-chemically and nutritonally. Avon showed the maximum (12.69 g100 g-1 dry solids) protein content indicating potential to be used as protein source for animal and human food, whereas SGD-81 excelled incrude fiber contents (17.83 g100 g-1 dry solids). Avon showed the highest fat contents (6.67 g100 g-1 dry solids). Maximum moisture contents showed by the SGD-81 (9.29 g100 g-1 dry solids). SGD-2011 showed maximum ash contents (6.02 g100 g-1 dry solids). S-2000 showed the maximum nitrogen-free extract (60.78 g100 g-1 dry solids) and thousand grain weight (36.74 g). Highest Zn (0.176 mg g-1 of dry solids) and Fe (0.032 mg/g-1 dry solids) contents were found in Avon. Avon showed maxium bulk density of 0.76 g/cc and Avon grains had maximum length and breadth ratio (2.93). The highest water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity and emulsion stability were shown by SGD-81 as 188.33%, 218.754% and 73.13%, respectively. The highest foaming capacity was shown by S-2000 (20%) and the highest emulsion activity was shown by SGD 2011 (56.84%). Amino acid profiling showed the highest outcome 105.67 g kg −1 of dry solids by SGD-2011.While least 99.13 g kg −1 of dry solids depicted by S2000. Total phenolic contents varied from 36.07 to 59.6 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE), total flavonoids (754.16-1056.66 mg of quercetin equivalent:QE), TfoC (663.75-697.5 mg QE), % scavenging activity (24.33-55.88%) and anthocyanin contents of 0.5-2.87 mg of C3 G kg −1. SGD-81 was loaded with promising nutraceutical potential. SGD-81 would be good substitute of fiber and also loaded with other promising functional attributes including total flavonoid contents, total phenolic contents, total flavonol conetnts and anthocyanin contents. There is great potential for value addition of the oat cultivar SGD-81.

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