Nanotechnology is broadly defined as the study and development of the chemical physical and natural properties of materials, devices, and structures that differ from those found on a larger scale, and Nano patents are derived from the Japanese language. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are used in a wide-ranging application, visible light, catalytic actions, ultrasonic, deodorizing, diabetes treatment, cosmetics, lasers, paints, ultraviolet light absorbing constituents, rubber industry, catalytic agent for light flattening, and specifically in the medical and pharmaceutical sciences. Curcumin is a useful plant-based material derived from "turmeric" that has the potential to be used in the green synthesis of ZnO NPs. This is due to the influence of "polyphenol," which may also result in the formation of ZnO NPs during the reduction process. Characterization reported Spherical particles with varying size from few nanometers to about 900 nm. The antibacterial activity by disk diffusion method against E. coli (Gram negative), Pseudomonas aerugionsa, Bordetella bronchiseptics & Micrococcus luteus revealed mark able zone of inhibition that declared potent antibacterial activity of Curcumin Zinc oxide nanoparticles against gram positive bacteria more than negative ones where Ciprofloxacin was used as standard.

Photonic crystals (PhCs) based sensing nanotechnology has gained a lot of attention because of its unique structural and morphological characteristics. With the potential utility, these PhC materials are promising as sensitive, selective, economical, portable, and visually detectable gas/vapor sensors for environment quality monitoring. This review focuses on current progress in the natural and artificial PhCs for gas sensing. We will discuss different PhCs including morpho butterfly wings and their nanostructure mimics, porous silicon, Bragg stacks, and colloidal crystals. Moreover, their fabrication techniques for PhCs sensing materials, structural modifications, and sensing mechanisms will be analyzed. In this review article, we highlighted the problem and solution as emerging trends for recent advances in PhCs-based sensors and their applications in environmental monitoring and pollution control. Furthermore, this study envisions new methodologies for PhCs-based sensors that will be highly advanced and effective.

Molecular imprinting is an attractive research area for synthesizing unique functional polymers with high selectivity due to template oriented active sites. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have a wide range of applications in chemical and biological sensing, drug delivery, and solidphase extraction owing to mechanical stability, reversibility, reproducibility, and cross-validity. MIPs are compatible with natural antibodies and are being used as antibody mimics/receptors in the biomedical field. Today, viral detection is the most popular research area due to emerging viral diseases with genetic variability and drug resistance. Therefore, there is a need to control viral infections by discriminative recognition of the viral pathogens. This review summarizes the literature on the detection of human viruses by using MIPs.

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