The methanolic extract fractions of Malva sylvestris, collected from Bahawalpur district, were subjected to study the total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The antioxidant activity was measured using the linoleic acid system, DPPH scavenging assay, and determination of reducing power. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated through the Disc diffusion method. The partition fractionation of the methanolic extract of M. sylvestris was performed using ethanol, acetic acid, acetone, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane. Yields of polar solvent fractions were higher than other fractions in these plants. HPLC analysis presented three major phenolics, gallic acid (141.51-192.03 µg/g), coumaric acid (112.21-172.11 µg/g), and Ellagic acid (110.31-159.18 µg/g) in M. sylvestris with maximum yield in methanol fractions. The total phenolic contents analyzed using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent of the samples varied from 5.58-17.1g/100g, 2.66-7.41g/100g dry weight expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE). The determined total flavonoid contents in the fractions ranged from 11.50-32.4g/100g and 24.91-36.36g/100g dry weight expressed as catechin equivalents. The percentage of inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation and reducing potential was more significant in M. sylvestris methanol fractions, i.e., 47.6% and 3.3 mg/100mL, respectively. M. sylvestris plants also demonstrated remarkable antimicrobial activity against various pathogens (E.coli, P.multocida, S.aureus, B. subtillus, A. niger, A. flavus, A, fusarium, F. Solani). The chemical screening of crude extracts constitutes an efficient complementary approach allowing localization and targeted isolation of new types of constituents with potential activities.

Fruits of five different varieties of Olea europea were taken from the farms cultivated in Pothohar region of Pakistan. Oils were extracted using cold press technique. Different colored oils were obtained in different yields. Physicochemical parameters were carried out by American Oil Chemists Society (AOCS) official methods. Fatty acid profiles were calculated by gas chromatograph equipped with flame ionization detector, after methanolic esterification of olive oils. The most abundant of the fatty acids was oleic acid (62.1-70.15%). The yield percentages (15.3-17.7%), moisture contents (0.4-0.73%), refractive indices (1.4689-1.4691 at 20ºC, 1.4613-1.4615 at 40ºC, 1.4537-1.4540 at 60ºC), saponification value (188-191 mg KOH/g), colors measured by Lovibond tintometer (20Y/2-6 R), acid value (0.17-0.44 mg KOH/g), peroxide value (7.83-17.75 meq/Kg), free fatty acid value (0.08-0.22), iodine value (87-92) were determined. Olive cultivars from Pothohar region indicated very close characteristics to the standard olive oil recommended by International Olive Oil Council (IOOC). Characterized local olive cultivars can contribute as an import substitute of edible oil and a lot of foreign exchange can be saved, as well as lot can be earned by exporting it.